Temat: forging - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Analysis and Improvement of an Industrial Process of Hot Die Forging of an Elongated Forging Tipped with a Joggle with the Use of Numerical Simulation Results
Autorzy:: Hawryluk, Marek
Rychlik, Marcin
Polak, Sławomir
Zwierzchowski, Maciej
Dudkiewicz, Łukasz
Marzec, Jan
Jabłoński, Paweł
Tematy:: closed die forging
numerical modelling
yoke type forging
quality of forging
microstructure of forging; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2201924.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article performs an analysis of a hot die forging process of producing an elongated forging ended with a joggle in a double system realized on a crank press Masey 1300 t, in open dies, in 3 operations. The thermomechanical model of the forging process considering the changes in the grain size and the forging material recrystallization was elaborated with the use of the calculation packet Qform 7. In the first place, an in-depth analysis of the currently realized forging technology was made, with a special consideration of the temperature changes in the tools as well as in the formed forging. Next, numerical modelling of the process was carried out, as a result of which the following were obtained: correct filling of the tool impressions by the deformed material, the temperature distributions for the forging and the tools, the plastic deformation distributions (considering the thermally activated phenomena), the changes in the grain size and the forging force courses. The results obtained from FEM enable a thorough analysis of the forging process, including: the effect of the deformation time and temperature on the grain size in the forging material, which was confirmed by the microstructure examination results.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Theoretical analysis of the forging process for producing hollow balls
Autorzy:: Winiarski, G.
Tematy:: die forging
hollow ball forging
FEM; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/102269.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Hollow balls are used in the production of various machines and devices. The technology for producing hollow balls by metal forming technologies poses numerous difficulties connected with the forming of a hollow billet. The billet, which is usually in the form of a rod, is subject to such processes as forging, helical rolling or cross-wedge rolling. The paper discusses a new method and conditions for producing a hollow ball. It was assumed that the ball would be produced in two forging operations: an initial forging operation and finish forging operation. The presented results are based on the FEM numerical analysis conducted using DEFORM-3D. It was assumed that the billet material was made from AISI 304 stainless steel used to produce balls for ball valves. Both the shape progression during the forging process and variations in the forming force were analyzed. Based on the conducted analyses, it can be claimed that hollow balls can be produced using the proposed forging method.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Numerical analysis of three-stage the forming process hollow forgings with an outer flange
Autorzy:: Wójcik, Łukasz
Bulzak, Tomasz
Winiarski, Grzegorz
Szala, Mirosław
Tematy:: forging
extrusion
radial forging
hollow part
stepped shaft
flanging; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135267.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This article presents the results of computer simulations used to investigate the forming of a hollow coldworked forging with an outer flange. Numerical simulations were performed in Deform 2D/3D using a calculation module for axial-symmetric cases. A ϕ57×12.5 mm tube-shaped billet from 42CrMo4 grade steel was used. The forming process involved two and three stages, consisting of extrusion the shaft portion and forging the flange. The objective of this research was to determine the accuracy of the forming process used to produce the hollow part. This technology was analyzed using the effective strain distributions, the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion values, and the forming force progression. The results showed that it was possible to use this three-stage process to forge elements from a tube-shaped billet.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Factors Affecting the Wear Resistance of Forging Tools
Autorzy:: Zwierzchowski, M.
Tematy:: hot die forging
wear mechanism
forging
laboratory thermal test; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355784.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The durability of forging tools is a function of many variables: tool heat treatment, surface quality, temperature, pressure, number of forgings, diffusion layers (nitriding) and many others. The objective of study was to analyze and compare the working conditions of forging tools. For the analysis of selected flat surfaces of tools. Analyzed forging dies subjected to normal use. Presented results of laboratory tests . The effect of temperature and time on the properties of the surface layer of forging tools. The results were compared with the literature data. This article shows the results of microhardness tests for forging dies which have forged the corresponding number of forgings. The results of laboratory studies on microhardness of hot working steel 1.2344 in the furnace at various temperatures and time are also presented. The working conditions of the forging tools are very complex. The most often described in the literature are: thermal fatigue, abrasive wear, mechanical fatigue and cracks. The article discusses the effects of increased temperature on the surface properties of forging tools. Forging dies were made of hot work tool steel 1.2344. FEM modeling of changes in the surface layer should take into account changes in tool hardness as a function of time (number of forgings).
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Mg/Al Bimetallic Handle Forging Process
Autorzy:: Szota, P.
Mróz, S.
Gontarz, A.
Stefanik, A.
Tematy:: Mg/Al bimetallic forging
die forging
numerical modelling
FEM; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355618.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The present paper reports the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the process of die forging a bimetallic door handle intended for the production of a helicopter. The aim of the studies was to develop and implement a technology for die forging of a product with a specific mass similar to that of magnesium alloys which will have, however higher corrosion resistance. Numerical modelling and industrial tests were carried out based on the previously forging processes for an AZ31 alloy door handle. The material for the tests was a bimetallic bar produced by the explosive welding method, in which the core was of alloy AZ31, and the cladding layer was made of 1050A grade aluminium. The studies were conducted for two variants: Variant I – the forging process was mapped by numerical modelling and industrial tests for the die shape and parameters used in the forging of the AZ31alloy door handle, Variant II – the tool shape was optimized and process parameters were selected so as to obtain a finished product characterized by a continuous Al layer. From the theoretical studies and experimental tests carried out it has been found that the application of the Variant I does not assure that a finished door handle characterized by a continuous cladding layer will be produced. Within this study, a novel method of bimetallic door handle die forging (Variant II) has been developed, which limits the amount of the flash formed and assures the integrity of the cladding layer.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: The Influence of Physical Properties of C55 Alloy on Geometry of Flow in the Process of Shaping
Autorzy:: Nabrdalik, Marcin
Sobociński, Michał
Tematy:: die forging
FEM
drop forging
simulation methods
QForm3D; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59110916.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper presents analysis of influence of change of physical parameters such as: temperature, friction coefficient and load, during the process of die forging. Optimization of the process effects in achieving high quality products, decreasing shaping resistance, and what follows - lower energy consumption. Temperature is the basic factor affecting the process of plastic working. Analyzing that influence in individual die fragments, allows to engineer the flow of shaped material. The QForm3D commercial program for finite element method calculations was used for numerical simulations. The paper presents multi-variant analysis of forging process with the usage of numerical simulation, which provided many valuable information concerning changes of key parameters, such as: temperature, stress and strain distribution and variations of technological parameters, as well as their mutual influence, difficult to obtain in analysis of industrial process.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Możliwości wykorzystania technik skanowania w aplikacjach kuźniczych
The possibility of using scanning techniques in forging applications
Autorzy:: Hawryluk, M.
Ziemba, J.
Tematy:: kontrola jakości
skanowanie
narzędzia kuźnicze
odkuwka
quality control
scanning
forging tools
forging; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Obróbki Plastycznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/212141.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Artykuł dotyczy możliwości zastosowania nowoczesnych bezstykowych technik pomiarowych w kuźniach matrycowych, w szczególności możliwości wykorzystania skanerów optycznych i ramion pomiarowych ze zintegrowanymi skanerami liniowymi. W pracy wskazano na różne aspekty bezstykowych technik pomiarowych wykorzystywanych głównie do dwóch grup obiektów, zwracając uwagę na niedostateczną świadomość ważności stosowanych przyrządów i metod pomiaru, zwłaszcza w kontekście bezpieczeństwa uzyskiwanych wyrobów oraz istotnych problemów pomiarowych, wynikających z ekstremalnych warunków panujących w przemysłowych procesach kucia na gorąco. Do pierwszej grupy zaliczyć można rozmaite pomiary odkuwek, m.in.: ich kontrolę w trakcie i po procesie kucia oraz po obróbce mechanicznej z wykorzystaniem techniki kontroli skanów na wirtualnych sprawdzianach z bazami cząstkowymi. Drugą grupę obiektów pomiarowych stanowi oprzyrządowanie kuźnicze, gdzie pomiary obejmują szeroko rozumianą kontrolę jakości nowych matryc, stempli i wkładek matrycowych, analizę zużycia narzędzi kuźniczych oraz pomiary dla narzędzi regenerowanych w technologii napawania. W pracy przedstawiono także inne możliwości wykorzystania technik skanowania, m.in.: do analizy małych i precyzyjnych narzędzi kuźniczych. Przeanalizowano także możliwość stosowania technik skanowania odwrotnego 3D do bezpośredniej kontroli jakości oraz zmian geometrii warstwy wierzchniej narzędzi kuźniczych, bez konieczności ich demontażu, na podstawie pomiaru zmian geometrii cyklicznie pobieranych odkuwek.
The article concerns the possibility of the use of modern non-contact measurement techniques in a die forges, in particular the possibility of using an optical scanners and measuring arms with integrated linear scanners. The work points to different aspects of measuring techniques used mainly for two groups of objects, emphasizing their important role in the context of the safety (achieved forgings – products) and the significant measurement problems due to the extreme conditions in industrial processes hot forging. The first group consists of various measurements of forgings, for example: its control during and after the forging and mechanical treatment, the use of control techniques scans on virtual exams with partial databases. The second group of measuring objects is forging instrumentation, where measurements include the widely understood quality control of new dies, punches and die inserts, the analysis of forging tools wear and measurement for regenerated tools in pad welding technology. The paper presents the other possibilities of using scanning techniques, inter alia: for geometric analysis of small and precise forging tools. Also examined the possibility of using 3D reverse scanning techniques to direct quality control and changes of surface layer geometry of the forging tools, (without the necessity of their disassembly), based on the measurement of geometry changes for cyclically collected forgings.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Analysis of the Industrial Process of Producing a Lever-Type Forging Used in Motorcycles
Autorzy:: Hawryluk, M.
Zwierzchowski, M.
Rychlik, M.
Gronostajski, Z.
Tematy:: hot die forging
numerical modelling
microstructure analyze
forging defect
improving of technology; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355764.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article presents an analysis of the multi-operation hot die forging process, performed on a press, of producing a lever forging used in the motorcycles of a renowned producer by means of numerical simulations. The investigations were carried out in order to improve (perfect) the currently applied production technology, mainly due to the presence of forging defects during the industrial production process. The defects result mainly from the complicated shape of the forging (bent main axis, deep and thin protrusions, high surface diversity in the cross section along the length of the detail), which, during the filling of the die by the deformed material, causes the presence of laps, wraps and underfills on the forging. Through the determination of the key parameters/quantities during the forging process, which are difficult to establish directly during the industrial process or experimentally, a detailed and complex analysis was performed with the use of FEM as well as through microstructure examinations. The results of the performed numerical modelling made it possible to determine: the manner of the material flow and the correctness of the impression filling, as well as the distributions of temperature fields and plastic deformations in the forging, and also to detect the forging defects often observed in the industrial process. On this basis, changes into the process were introduced, making it possible to improve the currently realized technology and obtain forgings of the proper quality as well as shape and dimensions.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Effect of the Heating Temperature of a Nickel-Chromium Steel Charge Material on the Stability of the Forging Process and the Durability of the Die
Autorzy:: Hawryluk, Marek R.
Lachowicz, Marzena
Janik, Marta
Gronostajski, Zbigniew
Stachowicz, Mateusz
Tematy:: forging
engine
chromium-nickel steel with austenitic microstructure
valve
forging tools; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28099626.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The study discusses the issues of low durability of dies used in the first operation of producing a valve type forging from high nickel steel assigned for the application in motor truck engines. The analyzed process of manufacturing the exhaust valve forgings is realized in the coextrusion technology, followed by forging in closed dies. This process is difficult to master, mainly due to elevated adhesion of the charge material (high nickel steel - NCF3015) to the tool substrate as well as very high abrasive wear of the tool, most probably caused by the dissolution of hard carbide precipitates during the charge heating. A big temperature scatter of the charge during the heating and its short presence in the inductor prevents microstructure homogenization of the bearing roller and dissolution of hard precipitates. In effect, this causes an increase of the forging force and the pressures in the contact, which, in extreme cases, is the cause of the blocking of the forging already at the beginning of the process. In order to analyze this issue, complex investigations were conducted, which included: numerical modelling, dilatometric tests and hardness measurements. The microstructure examinations after the heating process pointed to lack of structure repeatability; the dilatometric tests determined the phase transformations, and the FEM results enabled an analysis of the process for different charge hardness values. On the basis of the conducted analyzes, it was found that the batch material heating process was not repeatable, because the collected samples showed a different amount of dissolved carbides in the microstructure, which translated into different hardnesses (from over 300 HV to 192 HV). Also, the results of numerical modeling showed that lower charge temperature translates into greater forces (by about 100 kN) and normal stresses (1000 MPa for the nominal process and 1500 MPa for a harder charge) and equivalent stresses in the tools (respectively: 1300 MPa and over 1800 MPa), as well as abrasive wear (3000 MPa mm; 4500 MPa mm). The obtained results determined the directions of further studies aiming at improvement of the production process and thus increase of tool durability.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Analysis of Kinematic and Force Parameters of the Die-Forging Process Performed on a CrNiN Alloy
Autorzy:: Świątonowski, A.
Szostak, J.
Tematy:: forging
CrNiN alloy
FEM; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100085.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This article presents the results of studies of simulations of die forging of a drive shaft for small and medium watercraft. The formed material is a chromium and nickel alloy endogenically modified with nitrogen. Numerical simulations were carried out using the DEFORM-3D program, by means of which a map of mean stresses, temperature, deformation intensity, and cracking according to the Cockroft-Latham model were obtained. The results of the conducted studies will enable selection of the appropriate technological parameters in the process of forging CrNiN alloys.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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