Temat: fuel - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Selected properties of alternative fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste
Autorzy:: Malinowski, M.
Tematy:: alternative fuel
fuel
municipal solid waste
fuel property; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/62040.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Successive closing down of filled-up large municipal landfill sites or those which no longer fulfil the legal regulations, compel local governments and enterprises dealing with waste disposal, to undertake activities aimed at designing and construction of new waste management plants. One of these is a municipal solid waste sorting plant where the waste stream is divided into sub-screen and screen fraction. The screen fraction after removing ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and other impurities and crushing to an appropriate particle size constitutes an alternative fuel. The most frequently alternative fuel is manufactured from selectively collected plastics, rubber, textiles and waste paper. Alternative fuel is also manufactured from municipal solid waste in mechanical waste treatment plants. Municipal solid waste is characterized by a non-uniform morphological composition (depending on many factors), which may result in variable parameters of the manufactured fuel. If the waste fuel manufactured in this way and supplied to cement plants does not reach certain quality standards, its price is low, or the product is not accepted for energy recovery. The work presents results of analyses of selected properties of alternative fuels generated from solid municipal waste stream with regard to the type of communes from which the waste originated (urban commune area or rural communes). Statistical analysis was conducted using Bayesian Networks. As it results from the investigations, alternative fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste is characterized by high values of variation coefficient for such parameters as: ash content, moisture and calorific value. The content of carbon, sulphur and incineration heat revealed low values of variance coefficient. The analyses have demonstrated that technological values of alternative fuel do not depend on the administrative type of the communes where the waste used for their production was collected.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Discussion over correctness of methods used for test of resistance fuels to ageing processes
Autorzy:: Dzięgielewski, W.
Kulczycki, A.
Tematy:: fuel
storage
fuel aging; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241909.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Research of usefulness of fuels for long-term storage is an important research of products of special use (meant for stock keeping as national or military reserves). Important fact is that fuels after storage should be used according to their initial use so their phisico-chemical and exploratory properties should remain the same during the whole storage cycle. Basic condition, enabling to foreseen that fuel will keep its quality at sufficient level in certain timeframe should be positive results of ageing tests. Below the doubts are presented whether methodology of evaluation is correct because of important differences in mechanisms of accelerated laboratory tests as well as real storage in typical conditions of storage tanks with large capacity. Differences in courses of chemical reactions and conditions of their initiation and course were pointed out. Scheme of equipment for marking content of existing gums, scheme of equipment for testing induction period, scheme of filtering and oxidizing equipment to test resistance of fuel to oxidation, effectiveness of collisions of molecules of reactants, scheme of chemical ageing process of fuels storaged in different temperature, function for different conditions ageing process of FAME, influence of value of potential molecules energy on initializing of chemical reactions are presented in the paper.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Vliânie prisadok vody na harakteristiki dizelâ rybolovnogo sudna pri ispolzovanii predvaritelnoj obrabotki topliva
The influence of water in fuel on parameters of Diesel vessel engine with using of preliminary fuel treatment
Autorzy:: Klyus, O.
Klyus, I.
Tematy:: diesel engine
fuel injector
preliminary fuel treatment
mixture fuel and water; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359908.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper presents some Diesel direct engines with fuel injectors with preliminary fuel catalytic and turbulizing treatment. In research works Diesel fuel and mixture with seawater 1.2–2.5% were used.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: The method, based on storage simulator and IR – VIS spectroscopy, for predicting the allowable time of storage of biocomponents for CI engines
Autorzy:: Dzięgielewski, W.
Kaźmierczak, U.
Kulczycki, A.
Okniński, R.
Stefanowicz, P.
Tematy:: fuel
fuel aging
oils
lubrication
biocomponents; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242434.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper presents the results of investigations concerning a new method used for predicting the allowable time of storage of biocomponents – FAME. The method was based on laboratory research carried out with the use of a storage tank simulator. The aging process was carried out in the conditions increasing the reaction rate – at high temperature. There are several methods/procedures used for predicting the allowable time of storage of fuels and biocomponents – FAME, but all of them are based on tests at the temperature so high that the mechanism of aging process is different than the one observed in storage tanks. It was assumed that the aging process could be divided into two stages: at the first stage, the aging precursors are created and at the second stage, precursors are converted into the fuel aging products. These products lead to changes in fuel properties. The kinetics of precursor creation determines the rate of all reactions, which lead to the final aging products. It was found that the rate of reaction at the first stage of fuel aging can be effectively increased by an increase in temperature and even relatively high temperature does not change the mechanism of the creation of aging precursors. The method that has been worked out makes it possible to control the mechanism of aging process during quick laboratory tests. The products of aging processes were detected with the use of the IR-VIS spectrometry. The allowable time of storage was determined for several FAME samples on the basis of quick laboratory tests. The results of laboratory quick tests were verified by comparing them with the results of the aging process of FAME in storage tanks. On the basis of the test results, the algorithm of allowable time of FAME storage calculation was worked out.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Comparative analysis of combustion of qualified composite fuel for the transitional period in the household and communal sector in Poland
Autorzy:: Bembenek, Michał
Dzik, Tomasz
Smyła, Jarosław
Kozłowski, Artur
Wojtas, Piotr
Tematy:: microbriquette
environmentally friendly fuel
solid fuel
composite solid fuel
qualified solid fuel
roller press; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: STE GROUP
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315551.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article presents the results of laboratory combustion tests of the microbriquette obtained from useless coal (grain class of < 5 mm) generated in the production of “eco-pea” (eko-groszek) coal. The briquettes of 1.5 and 2.5 cm3 were made in a roller press of crushed coal granulation down to 2 mm, mixed with a binder and/or catalytic additives and sorbents, then dried to final moisture of about 7%. The tests were carried out on a specially designed stand enabling to determine the differential curve of the weight loss of samples heated to the ignition temperature and then burnt with laminar airflow by natural chimney draft. Comparative tests were carried out with ecopea coal from the “ZG Sobieski” mine. The results indicate that composite fuels, in the form of microbriquette, ignite faster, burn at a higher temperature and leave less ash when burned than lump coal. The greater reactivity of the briquette concerning the lump coal allows for minimizing the air rate by about 10%, which also reduces the exhaust gas volume by the same amount and the stack losses. It reduces the velocity of dust lifting, which leads to the reduction of their emission.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Microbiome of soil contaminated by fuels
Mikrobiom gleby zanieczyszczonej paliwami
Autorzy:: Hawrot-Paw, M.
Izwikow, M.
Tematy:: microorganism
soil microorganism
contaminated soil
fuel
biodiesel fuel
diesel fuel; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/82566.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Relations of distribution of the low sulphur shipping fuels in region of the baltic sea in the bunkering boat-ship supply
Autorzy:: Matejski, M.
Szczepaniak, T.
Tematy:: vessels
marine fuel oils
fuel transport
ecology; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101982.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article presents relations of distribution of the low sulphur marine fuels as result of being in force the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 73/78, especially the record establishing the region of the Baltic Sea and the North See as sulphur emission control areas (SECA). There are presented obligatory regulations and their influence on sale of the particular kinds of fuels in this region. There are also presented chosen procedures of care about cargo in relation bunker boat-harbour-ship, the delivery fuel procedures in relation bunker boat-ship and the quantitative analysis of distributed fuels on an example of chosen bunker boat.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Measurement methods for determining the parameters of injectors in internal combustion engines
Autorzy:: Grzesik, N.
Zaremba, R.
Tematy:: engine
fuel injectors
fuel spray diagnostics; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242709.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The general principle of internal combustion engine operation has not changed since the engine structure was first developed. However, the system of blending the air and fuel into a mixture with the parameters ensuring effective fuel combustion processes has been evolving over the years. In the simplest engines, the fuel-air mixture was produced in the inlet manifold i.e. in the carburettor systems while the more advanced motors were equipped with the system of Single Point Injection (SPI), and further on with the Multi-Point Injection (MP!) where each of the cylinders has its own individual injector. The Multi-Point Injection (MPI) system has evolved into a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) system where the injector sprays fuel directly into the combustion chambers. Presently, due to the restrictive regulations governing the issues of exhaust gases ' composition and emissions, manufacturers of the engines used mainly in the automotive industry apply the system of multi-point indirect injection to the intake manifold or the system of direct fuel injection to the combustion chambers. In both systems, these are the injectors dosing precise amounts offuel, which are the most important, and the most accurate elements of the system. The article presents the injectors' macro- and microscopic parameters used for the purpose of the fuel dispersants' technical condition and performance assessment. Additionally, it refers to direct and optical methods of microscopic parameters measurement enabling fuel spray diagnostics.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Characteristics of fuel cells under static and dynamic conditions
Autorzy:: Szwajca, Filip
Berger, Andrew W.
Spalletta, Robert
Pielecha, Ireneusz
Tematy:: fuel cell stack
fuel cell module
static and dynamic characteristics
fuel cell efficiency; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32101706.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Modern internal combustion powertrains are the main source of propulsion for on-road and non-road vehicles. However, they are increasingly being replaced by electric or fuel cell-equipped alternative propulsion systems. The article presents a study of fuel cell characteristics operating under both static and dynamic conditions, with a 1.2 kW fuel cell set with a voltage converter and lead-acid batteries. In the conducted tests, the fuel cell stack's maximum efficiency reached 65%. Load tests (static and dynamic) have indicated higher fuel cell efficiencies when using hybrid operation with a DC/DC converter and battery.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Existing standards and their need for liquid and gaseous alternative fuels standards
Autorzy:: Jevic, P.
Dubrovin, V.O.
Sediva, Z.
Tematy:: paliwo alternatywne
paliwo
biopaliwo
norma
alternative fuel
gaseous fuel
liquid fuel
biofuel
biogas
standard; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowy Instytut Maszyn Rolniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/335622.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Since the mid 1990s, resulting from concerns on climate change and its connection to the emission of greenhouse gases, the main interest in alternative fuels has been concentrated on fuels from biomass or rather carbon dioxide neutral fuels. Autumn 2001 the European Commission presented a draft communication and two directive proposals concerning the promotion of using bio fuels and other renewable fuels and also on the taxation of bio fuels. In May 2003 a directive for promotion of bio fuels and other renewable fuels came into force. On the basis of acquired information and own work the contribution involves review of national standards concerning alternative motor fuels. In connection with gradual introduction of the alternative motor fuels, research and development in this field in the time of anticipation of the European standards generation is presented.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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