Temat: illegal migration, - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Migration as a Threat to International Security
Autorzy:: Szkurłat, Izabela
Tematy:: migration
migration crisis
illegal migration; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807953.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article presents migration as a threat to international security in the 21st century. The first part presents the problem of people migrating to Europe, including third-country nationals. It is shown that uncontrolled mass migration has forced European countries to provide budget, shelter and counselling for migrants. Furthermore, there were many cases when migration met with disapproval of indigenous people and fear of the impossibility of integrating different cultures and customs. European Union has introduced financial tools to support member countries in financing migration-related problems including the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund; and the Internal Security Fund. The article also mentions the European immigration policy adopted in 1999. The second part of the article refers to negative effects of migration: trafficking in human beings and forced labour. It is shown that they are widely practiced. To eliminate illegal activities, actions, which the author describes, are being taken within Europe. Polish people have also experienced trafficking in human beings and forced labour abroad. Such crimes have been reported within Poland as well. Finally the author states that the security of the European Union is threatened not only by external migrants, but also by citizens who migrate internally.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Border Surveillance Measures to Tackle and End the Migration Crisis in Hungary
Autorzy:: Balla, József
Kui, László
Tematy:: border protection
security
mass migration
illegal migration; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374921.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The protection of Hungary’s external Schengen border is a priority which affects both the security of our country and the whole Schengen Area. Border surveillance is considered safe if it can prevent unlawful acts and proceed against offenders. The implementation of the tasks requires special staff and technical readiness. In the framework of the border protection of our country, it is the Police’s basic task, but in case a state of crisis resulting from mass migration is declared, the Hungarian Defence Forces take part in it. Border surveillance is a constant activity which aims to prevent illegal state border crossings; due to this, its efficiency cannot be measured exclusively based on numerical data. Border surveillance is also effective if it ensures the apprehension of people illegally crossing state borders and if it prevents them from accomplishing that; thus, the ‘physical’ presence itself contributes to the task execution in a manner meeting the requirements. Continuity plays a decisive role from the point of view of border surveillance. Border surveillance shall be considered a component. Thus, the border surveillance system consists of successive system elements which do not go without each other. The border surveillance system is built on border policing strategies, it can be operated based on leadership decisions which shall be in accordance with the border surveillance principles as well. Similarly to the border surveillance system elements, border surveillance principles are those rules which have constant influence/effect on border surveillance/in the field of border surveillance, the practical implementation of which ensures state border surveillance which meets the requirements/is reliable; moreover, it enables the targeted application of the forces and tools available. The operability of the system can only be granted if the principles apply jointly.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Migration Policy in the Area of Border Control and Migration of the Population in OECD Countries –Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Autorzy:: Woźniak, Katarzyna
Tematy:: OECD countries
migration
illegal migration
economic policy
migration policy; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390495.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the study is to present the phenomenon of population migration and migration policy as part of the state’s economic policy based on the example of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, with particular emphasis on the area of migration policy, which is border control and related illegal migration. The temporal scope of the empirical analysis covers the period 1990-2016. The article consists of four main parts. The discussion began with a presentation of the balance of migration, the scale and dynamics of population immigration in OECD countries. Furthermore, the significance, areas and process of shaping migration policy as a part of the economic policy of the country are presented. Then, it focused on the migration policy in the area of border control in OECD countries. The discussion was crowned with the conclusions that followed.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: European Union Migration Policies and Their Influence on Migration Flows from the Republic of Moldova During Contemporary Times
Autorzy:: Golovataia, Ludmila
Tematy:: Migration
Illegal migration
Mobility Partnerships
Labour market
Integration; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419576.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of this article is a conceptual analysis of labour migration policies in the European Union and their implementation in the EU member-states and the Republic of Moldova during contemporary times. The paper outlines the current trends of labour migration in both the European Union and in the Republic of Moldova; analyzes the genesis and essence of migration policies within the EU in the modern period; identifies the underlying problems of integration faced by Moldovan labour migrants in the hosting societies; and investigates issues related to the repatriation and reintegration of Moldovan labourers from the EU to their home country.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Modus operandi of perpetrators (criminal groups) smuggling illegal migrants across the border
Autorzy:: Konieczny, Marcin
Tematy:: law
crime
border
criminal group
illegal migration; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/55788351.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: One of the goals of criminology is to collect information on methods of operation and ways of dealing with offenders. Knowing about the modus operandi of the perpetrators makes it possible to combat or prevent certain types of crime more effectively. This aspect seems to be particularly important as it prevents the perpetrators from engaging in illegal behavior. This idea of getting to know and working out methods of operation also applies to criminal groups that organize the transfer of foreigners across the border. Migrant smuggling activities have a long history. There has never been a shortage of foreigners interested in finding a better and easier life. Against this background, a conflict arose, as many countries began to seal their borders for this reason. The situation got complicated in 1985 with the signing of an agreement known as the Schengen Agreement. It was a legal act abolishing checks at the internal borders of the signatory states. The Schengen Agreement guaranteed the free movement of people within the so-called Schengen area. Importantly, it concerned not only citizens of the signatory states, but also people of other nationalities who crossed internal borders in the area covered by the agreement. At various times, this phenomenon was on a massive scale, especially in territories affected by an armed conflict or an economic crisis. That is why the smuggling of migrants across the borders and territories of transit countries has become a criminogenic phenomenon. Recently, it also applies to Poland. This article presents an analysis of the modus operandi of perpetrators smuggling illegal migrants. The content of the study takes into account the problems related to the detection of this type of crime. The analysis of the literature on the subject was supplemented with statistical data on the scale of this type of crime. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the variety of strategies used by criminal groups that offer migrants a paid “service” to help them cross the border illegally.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Fenomén (ne)legálnej migrácie
Autorzy:: Jurašek, Martin
Vansač, Peter
Tematy:: Migration
Migration theory
Illegal migration
Causes and impacts of migration; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131177.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Contribution of deals with basic concepts related to migration, typology of migration as well as migra- tion theories. It further describes the “pull” and “push “ factors of migration, its causes and effects on the host country. It also deals with illegal migration as well as measures against illegal migration and refugees as a specific group of migrants.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Just/unjust securitisation and social mobilisation
Autorzy:: Polko, Paulina
Tematy:: securitisation
social mobilisation
migration policy
illegal migration
unauthorized migration
Polska; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2165702.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: As a process of broadening the security category, securitisation is used to draw attention to urgent and existential threats that cannot be resolved through ordinary political decisions. It presupposes the authorisation of extraordinary measures as long as they are accepted by the “audience” (the elite or society as a whole). Due to the growing importance of these processes, more and more objections and doubts have been formulated towards the theory of securitisation regarding, inter alia, the morality of these processes, including the intentions of securitising actors (just or unjust securitisation). This article presents case studies on the Poland’s migration policy, in which securitisation movements reinforced social mobilisation by referring to the category of security. The methodological framework of the securitisation theory and the just securitisation theory have been implemented. The presented results indicate that in the process of extending the security category, it is important to study the intentions of securitising actors and the existential dimension of the reported threats due to the power of influence and the effects of securitisation measures.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Надмірна міграція і порушення політичної стабільності на європейському континенті
Nadmierna migracja i zachwianie się stabilności politycznej na kontynencie europejskim
Autorzy:: Горбатенко, Володимир
Tematy:: demographic changes,
excessive migration,
migration policies,
xenophobia,
illegal migration,
deportation of refugees; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489506.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Migration of population is an integral part of demographic processes. For their comprehensive study of great importance to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of migrants and medium and long-term forecasting of trends and intensity of migration. This approach is extremely important because, according to UN projections, world population already in 2025 will be 8 billion people, and in 2045 it may reach 9 billion. Under the current population policy should be a decisive influence on the development of family birth children, career choices, employment, population dynamics, structure and population settlement. Around this important issue today should unite national, regional and worldwide policy in the regulation of population. Under the above conditions is extremely dangerous over-current mass migration from Asia and Africa to the European continent. This realization only now, after a series of terrorist attacks in the developed countries of the European Union comes to the minds of European leaders. Earlier in their approaches to migration policy dominated economic thinking, which prevented them and listen to the opinions of scientists, historians, sociologists, political scientists, demographers. At first glance, the logic in their actions was quite motivated, since about 90% of all international migrants is labor migration, which largely contributes to the prosperity of the host country. And this has prompted Western countries to open borders for migrants. But the problems caused by excessive migration incommensurable with economic success. Excessive flow of migrants has led to the growth of ethnic tensions in Europe. First and foremost, on the formation of the territory of the European powers closed areas inhabited by certain ethnic groups. The economic effect of the influx of immigrants already in the medium term appears illusory disappear as incentives for innovation. Cheap labor needs conservation cheap, simplified means of production of certain products, slow process of internal integration of the population. Under pressure from excessive migration eroded European idea of open borders. Establishment of an international migration regime impede intense competition of international migration policy, protection of national labor markets, inequality of opportunities of European states, upholding the priority rights of its citizens on universal human rights. Cigarette migrants as second class people in their environment generates aggression, which is successfully used by representatives of the so-called Islamic State and other terrorist groups. On the other hand directed against migrants growing sentiment and xenophobia among the local population. This leads to confrontation and even open conflict. The most acute problems of migration policy of the EU is the failure of certain positions of the individual Member States. This applies in particular to refugee admission procedures. Among the reasons for the spread of illegal migration is flawed system deportation of refugees in the EU. According to the experts, only a third actually executed decisions to refuse asylum. In terms of migration invasion offset joint agreement on the protection of external borders, as some countries (especially the Balkans, through which there is transit migration flows - Greece, Hungary, Serbia) begin to violate regulations and Brussels to protect its borders all available national means. Global scale migration challenges requires the development of coordinated global strategies of the European Union and individual states, particularly those with limited tools of influence on international migration. This is especially true in Central and Eastern Europe, which is still quite time to prepare their own migration program until the main migration pressure falls on the west European countries with high social standards. Ukraine under these conditions should make greater use of opportunities for cooperation with the EU in the field of migration. In particular, it is necessary to violate European partners question development and implementation of EU support joint projects to facilitate the return of Ukrainian labor migrants and education at home; take into account developments in the development of EU legal instruments in the field of migration, to assess the submitted draft laws for compliance with the basic principles of the EU migration policy; initiate the development of circular migration patterns between Ukraine and the EU jointly develop mechanisms for its implementation.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Right to Interpretation in Relation to Unauthorised Border Crossing and Its Criminalisation
Autorzy:: Nikolajová Kupferschmidtová, Elena
Tematy:: illegal migration
third-country nationals
EU
crime
severity of punishment
illegal border crossing
police; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147707.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The presented study offers an insight into the issue of penalties imposed within selected EU Member States for the unauthorised crossing of the borders of the respective Member States and the right of third-country nationals to communicate in their own language. The right to communicate in one‘s language as a procedural guarantee applies to a third-country national only in cases of necessary interpretation before the competent authorities. However, the question remains whether the respective rights can also be applied to the translation of documents in proceedings, in particular in cases where the Member State concerned impose fines for crossing the national border illegally. At the same time, interpretation into the mother tongue remains an unanswered question. National legislation regulating the above-mentioned issue varies greatly across the EU Member States. Thus, the primary objective of the present study is to point out the diversity of severity of penalties imposed in the selected EU countries and to describe the impact it might have on providing language assistance for communication between third-country nationals and competent authorities.
W prezentowanym opracowaniu przybliżono problematykę kar nakładanych w wybranych państwach członkowskich UE za nieuprawnione przekraczanie granic poszczególnych państw członkowskich oraz prawa obywateli państw trzecich do porozumiewania się w ich własnym języku. Prawo do porozumiewania się we własnym języku jako gwarancja proceduralna ma zastosowanie do obywatela państwa trzeciego tylko w przypadkach konieczności tłumaczenia ustnego przed właściwymi organami. Pozostaje jednak pytanie, czy odpowiednie prawa można zastosować również do tłumaczenia dokumentów w postępowaniu, w szczególności w przypadkach, gdy dane państwo członkowskie nakłada grzywny za nielegalne przekroczenie granicy państwowej. Jednocześnie kwestią bez odpowiedzi pozostaje tłumaczenie ustne na język ojczysty. Przepisy krajowe regulujące powyższą kwestię różnią się znacznie w poszczególnych państwach członkowskich UE. Dlatego głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest zwrócenie uwagi na zróżnicowanie surowości kar nakładanych w wybranych krajach UE oraz przedstawienie wpływu, jaki może to mieć na zapewnienie pomocy językowej w komunikacji między obywatelami państw trzecich a właściwymi organami.
In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die in ausgewählten EU-Mitgliedstaaten verhängten Strafen für das unerlaubte Überschreiten der Grenzen der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten und das Recht von Drittstaatsangehörigen, in ihrer eigenen Sprache zu kommunizieren, näher untersucht. Das Recht auf Kommunikation in der eigenen Sprache als Verfahrensgarantie gilt für einen Drittstaatsangehörigen nur in den Fällen, in denen ein Dolmetschen vor den zuständigen Behörden erforderlich ist. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob die einschlägigen Rechte auch auf die Übersetzung von Schriftstücken in Verfahren angewandt werden können, insbesondere in Fällen, in denen der betreffende Mitgliedstaat Geldbußen für das illegale Überschreiten der nationalen Grenze verhängt. Gleichzeitig bleibt die Frage der Verdolmetschung in die Muttersprache unbeantwortet. Die nationalen Vorschriften zu diesem Thema sind in den einzelnen EU-Mitgliedstaaten sehr unterschiedlich. Daher besteht das Hauptziel dieses Beitrags darin, die Unterschiede in der Schwere der in ausgewählten EU-Ländern verhängten Bußgelder aufzuzeigen und zu veranschaulichen, welche Auswirkungen dies auf die Bereitstellung von sprachlicher Unterstützung für die Kommunikation zwischen Drittstaatsangehörigen und den zuständigen Behörden haben kann.
В представленном исследовании подробно рассматривается вопрос о санкциях, применяемых в отдельных государствах-членах ЕС за несанкционированное пересечение границ отдельных государств-членов, и о праве граждан третьих стран на общение на родном языке. Право на общение на родном языке как процессуальная гарантия распространяется на гражданина третьей страны только в тех случаях, когда требуется устный перевод в компетентных органах. Однако остается вопрос, можно ли применять соответствующие права также для перевода документов в ходе судебного разбирательства, в частности, в случаях, когда соответствующее государство-член ЕС налагает штрафы за незаконное пересечение национальной границы. Одновременно перевод на родной язык остается вопросом без ответа. Национальные правила, регулирующие этот вопрос, значительно различаются в разных странах-членах ЕС. Поэтому основная цель данной работы - обратить внимание на различия в размере штрафов, налагаемых в отдельных странах ЕС, и представить, какое влияние это может оказывать на предоставление языковой помощи при общении между гражданами третьих стран и компетентными органами.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Challenges of Fight Against Terrorism with Reference to the Last Amendment of the New Hungarian Criminal Code
Autorzy:: Bartko, Robert
Tematy:: illegal migration
acts of terrorism
Hungarian Criminal Code
Hungarian statutory definition; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594460.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: During the codification of the new Hungarian Criminal Code, the Hungarian Legislator passed amendment of several criminal offences. Among other criminal offences, this rethinking concerned the regulation of acts of terrorism. The number of terrorist offences relating to illegal migration has increased in the past few years in the territory of the European Union, therefore the attitude of the Member States – including Hungary, as well – has changed with reference to the statutory definition of the acts of terrorism. The connection between irregular border crossings and terrorism was recognized by the European Union. Terrorist offences have proved the vulnerability of the European Union and the democratic, rule-of-law States. Furthermore, the last few years have also clearly proved that Europe cannot cope with the influx of refugees set out for the Western Europe from various parts of the world. In this respect, illegal migration cannot be only a tool, but also a catalyst for terrorist offences. It means that case conflicts and violent affairs are caused by the migration, and the illegal entry and the integration of terrorists are supported by migratory networks at the same time. In 2015 and 2016, the European Union experienced a massive number of casualties caused by terrorist attacks. The most affected Member State was France. It had to cope with attacks which caused 148 citizens’ death and more than 350 people injured only in January and November 2015 (TE-SAT 2016, p. 5.). For the abovementioned recognition, many regulations (included but not limited to the Fundamental Law of Hungary, the Hungarian Criminal Code and the Act on Criminal Procedure) were passed in 2016 by the Hungarian legislator in order to stop illegal migration and to strengthen the fight against the new forms of terrorism. In the context of the present paper, the Act LXIX of 2016, which came into force on 17 July 2016, is of importance. Not only the General Part, but also the Special Part of the Hungarian Criminal Code was amended by the above Act. However, many new rules may be challenged from the perspective of the rule of law and the European commitments of Hungary. The aim of the paper is to describe the new regulations regarding the Hungarian statutory definition of acts of terrorism, and to analyse them within the Hungarian criminal legal frame and the abovementioned European requirements. Therefore, the characteristic of the paper will be the analytical method with the aim of creating de lege ferenda proposals for the Hungarian legislator, as well. In our paper, we are going to deal with the new European directive, as well, which will replace the Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA and will amend the Council Decision 2005/671/JHA from 20 April 2017.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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