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Wyszukujesz frazę "inbreeding" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Inbreeding as an determinant factor of the cheeks size and symmetry among male offspring of Zebra finches
Wsobność potomstwa jako czynnik determinujący wielkość i symetrię policzków samców na przykładzie zeberek
Autorzy:
Gdowska, Justyna
Opis:
Inbreeding is thought to be one of the factors that might affect the proper development of secondary sexual traits in animals. One of its effects can be visible as an asymmetry of the bilaterally symmetrical traits (fluctuating asymmetry) among birds. This is an important issue in the context of sexual selection and individuals quality by proving their attractiveness and giving chance to reproduce. To confirm that inbreeding has impact on fluctuating asymmetry to appear, I measured cheeks of the Zebra finch male offspring. For that, I created two groups of males: inbred (from related parents) and control (from random parents). Experiment was carried out by photographing both sides of head of the 75 birds and by analyzing it using computer program. Results clearly indicated lack of the expected differences in the cheeks size among inbred individuals. No differences were also found in the case of tarsus length. The only evidence of inbreeding depression in this group was lower body mass in comparison to mass of control males. Lack of asymmetry may suggest that inbreeding does not have the biggest influence for it to appear, but the conditions during early development of the individuals, that can contribute to the disclosure of negative effects of inbreeding.
Wsobność stanowi jeden z czynników negatywnie wpływających na prawidłowy rozwój drugorzędowych cech płciowych u zwierząt. Jednym z jej skutków może być asymetria parzystych struktur wśród ptaków. Jest to ważna kwestia w kontekście doboru płciowego oraz jakości osobników, bo świadczy o atrakcyjności i przekłada się na ich szansę w reprodukcji. Chcąc potwierdzić wpływ wsobności na pojawienie się asymetrii fluktuacyjnej postanowiono zmierzyć policzki samców zeberek będących potomstwem rodziców spokrewnionych ze sobą, jak i kojarzonych losowo. W tym celu użyto 75 samców, którym wykonano zdjęcia głowy z obu stron, a następnie zmierzono wielkość policzków przy użyciu programu komputerowego. Wyniki jednoznacznie wskazały na brak oczekiwanych różnic pomiędzy stronami policzków wśród samców wsobnych. Brak różnic odnotowano także w przypadku długości skoku między grupami eksperymentalnymi. Jedynym potwierdzeniem obecności depresji wsobnej w tej grupie była niższa waga w stosunku do samców kontrolnych. Brak asymetrii może sugerować, że to nie wsobność ma największy wpływ na jej pojawienie się, ale warunki w trakcie wczesnego rozwoju osobników, które mogą przyczynić się do tego, jak bardzo w przyszłości będą widoczne jej negatywne skutki.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Inne
Tytuł:
Bisoniana XCVIII. Analysis of inbreeding in European bison
Autorzy:
Olech, W.
Powiązania:
Acta Theriologica
Opis:
The ancestors of the European bison population currently living in the world consisted of 12 animals only so they are closely related to each other. Inbreeding accompanying such close relationship may form the cause of decrease in vitality and consequent reduction in fertility. The present study analyses the degree of inbreeding in the European bison recorded in the Pedigree Book and determines the effect of such inbreeding on the animals' length of life and reproduction. Investigation was made of total of 3617 European bison of known descent on both the paternal and maternal side.
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Książka
Tytuł:
The effects of sibling reproduction in the African striped mouse
Autorzy:
Pillay, N.
Powiązania:
Acta Theriologica
Opis:
Sibling reproduction was studied in a captive population of the African striped mouse Rhabdomys pumilio (Sparrman, 1784) to establish the occurrence of inbreeding and whether early association prevents later matings.
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Książka
Tytuł:
Inbreeding alters intersexual fitness correlations in Drosophila simulans
Autorzy:
Wedell, Nina
Hosken, David J.
Duffy, Eoin
Radwan, Jacek
Joag, Richa
Opis:
Intralocus sexual conflict results from sexually antagonistic selection on traits shared by the sexes. This can displace males and females from their respective fitness optima, and negative intersexual correlations (rmf) for fitness are the unequivocal indicator of this evolutionary conflict. It has recently been suggested that intersexual fitness correlations can vary depending on the segregating genetic variation present in a population, and one way to alter genetic variation and test this idea is via inbreeding. Here, we test whether intersexual correlations for fitness vary with inbreeding in Drosophila simulans isolines reared under homogenous conditions. We measured male and female fitness at different times following the establishment of isofemale lines and found that the sign of the association between the two measures varied with time after initial inbreeding. Our results are consistent with suggestions that the type of genetic variation segregating within a population can determine the extent of intralocus sexual conflict and also support the idea that sexually antagonistic alleles segregate for longer in populations than alleles with sexually concordant effects.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Population genetic structure in a self-compatible hermaphroditic snail is driven by drift independently of its contemporary mating system
Autorzy:
Seppälä, Otto
Jokela, Jukka
Feulner, Philine G. D.
Çetin, Cansu
Schlegel, Tamara
Tardent, Nadine
Opis:
Genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection commonly influence population genetic diversity. In populations of self-compatible hermaphrodites, the mating system (e.g., self-fertilization) further reduces individual heterozygosity. Furthermore, selfing, as a form of inbreeding, significantly impacts genetic drift by reducing effective population size ($N_e$). This can potentially accelerate genetic drift, particularly in small populations where self-fertilization is likely during founder events. To investigate the roles of genetic drift and contemporary mating system in populations of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, we examined their effective population sizes ($N_e$) and Tajima's D values, which reflect genetic drift over extended time periods, as well as estimates of within-population selfing rates and pairwise relatedness reflecting contemporary mating system. We used 4054 SNP markers obtained using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing from individuals in five snail populations originating from geographically closely located ponds. We found strong population genetic structure and differences in genetic diversity among populations. Covariation between genetic diversity and $N_e$ estimates and Tajima's D values suggested drift being an important determinant of genetic diversity and structure in these populations. However, this effect was independent of the contemporary mating system, as indicated by the similarity of selfing rates and relatedness estimates among populations. Thus, founder events (possibly including historical inbreeding) and/or drift due to small sizes of L. stagnalis populations are likely to explain their genetic structure and limit within-population genetic diversity.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inbreeding and ancestor loss in the population of Tatra Shepherd dogs based on the sex and breeding system
Inbred i utrata przodków w populacji polskiego owczarka podhalanskiego w zależności od płci i rodzaju hodowli
Autorzy:
Sweklej, E.
Niedziołka, R.
Tematy:
breeding system
sex
ancestor
inbreeding
Tatra Shepherd dog
Canis familiaris
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2619672.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mating patterns influence vulnerability to the extinction vortex
Autorzy:
Michalczyk, Łukasz
Godwin, Joanne L.
Martin, Oliver Y.
Gage, Matthew J. G.
Lumley, Alyson J.
Opis:
Earth's biodiversity is undergoing mass extinction due to anthropogenic compounding of environmental, demographic and genetic stresses. These different stresses can trap populations within a reinforcing feedback loop known as the extinction vortex, in which synergistic pressures build upon one another through time, driving down population viability. Sexual selection, the widespread evolutionary force arising from competition, choice and reproductive variance within animal mating patterns could have vital consequences for population viability and the extinction vortex: (a) if sexual selection reinforces natural selection to fix ‘good genes’ and purge ‘bad genes’,then mating patterns encouraging competition and choice may help protect populations from extinction; (b) by contrast, if mating patterns create load through evolutionary or ecological conflict, then population viability could be further reduced by sexual selection. We test between these opposing theories using replicate populations of the model insect Tribolium castaneum exposed to over 10 years of experimental evolution under monogamous versus polyandrous mating patterns. After a 95-generation history of divergence in sexual selection, we compared fitness and extinction of monogamous versus polyandrous populations through an experimental extinction vortex comprising 15 generations of cycling environmental and genetic stresses. Results showed that lineages from monogamous evolutionary backgrounds, with limited opportunities for sexual selection, showed rapid declines in fitness and complete extinction through the vortex. By contrast, fitness of populations from the history of polyandry, with stronger opportunities for sexual selection, declined slowly, with 60% of populations surviving by the study end. The three vortex stresses of (a) nutritional deprivation, (b) thermal stress and (c) genetic bottlenecking had similar impacts on fitness declines and extinction risk, with an overall sigmoid decline in survival through time. We therefore reveal sexual selection as an important force behind lineages facing extinction threats, identifying the relevance of natural mating patterns for conservation management.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus
Autorzy:
Federoff, N. E.
Nowak, R. M.
Powiązania:
Acta Theriologica
Opis:
Skulls of 3 captive-raised female endangered red wolves Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851 exhibited severe malocclusion of the jaws. Cranial and dental abnormalities (including crowding of upper toothrows, and an extra tooth behind the lower left M3 in one of the three mandibles) were also evident.
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Książka

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