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Tytuł:
Integration of Processes in the Study of Insight and Innovation
Autorzy:
Ionescu, Thea
Marian, Alexandra
Moldovan, Paula
Perde, Beatrix
Vescan, Roxana
Hopsitar, Calin
Rogobete, Doris
Suciu, Ligia
Tematy:
innovation
insight
novelty
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Projekt Avant
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/632540.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Humans are known to be able to solve problems creatively, but how exactly this occurs is still a matter of debate. Insight problem solving is one important way to study creativity in adults, but studies that use this method with preschool children are rare. In this paper, we present two studies: one in which the problem is solved with known objects (participants were preschool children aged 4 to 7 years) and one in which new objects were created (participants were children aged 5 to 6 years and adults). For both studies, results are discussed in relation to the various processes that can explain insight problem solving. We argue that the integration of these processes under the overarching variability–stability–flexibility pattern might be a better way to investigate insight and ultimately to understand innovation.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Can observing a Necker cube (really) make you more insightful? The evidence from objective and subjective indicators of insight
Autorzy:
Olszewska, Angelika
Sobkow, Agata
Tematy:
problem-solving
insight
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129912.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Changing a problem’s representation is a crucial process when solving insight problems. Recently, Laukkonen and Tangen (2017) found that observing ambiguous figures such as a Necker Cube before solving problems can increase insight frequency. In our research, we extended their procedure by including measures of feelings of insight (e.g., confidence and pleasure). This approach allowed us to test the replicability of relationships between perceptual switching and insight frequency in terms of both accuracy of problem solutions and insight phenomenology. The research took the form of two studies using two different samples (NA = 68 and NB = 198) using online platforms. Our results consistently showed no effect of prior Necker cube perception on accuracy. However, we found a significant difference in self-reported insight (1 - non-aha! experience to 5 – a very strong aha! experience) in our Sample B study. The results suggest the possibility that viewing ambiguous figures may not have a triggering effect on insight problem-solving performance but that it may trigger stronger insight experiences when solving insight problems.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mysticism in Tibetan Buddhism. A study into the Path of Insight
Autorzy:
Wysocki, Adam
Tematy:
mind
preliminary practices
tranquility meditation
penetrating insight meditation
the Path of Insight
the Path of Liberation
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Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951732.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The Path of Insight is a spiritual path of Tibetan Buddhism tradition. The fundamental part consists of three elements, such like: preliminary practices, the tranquility meditation and the penetrating insight meditation. However, counted three parts one ought to perceive as aspects of one process aiming to realize of the soteriology purpose. The achievement of the non-dual state has its own development process, which consists experience of the non-dual state, stabilise it and then development of it. Outline of development process is contained in the Path o Insight and relies on exceeding of subjective-objective divisibility. It isperceived as an effect of the ignorance of true nature of the individual. The achievement of the non-dual state, that is nature of the mind (tib. sems nyid) constitutes the purpose of the Path of Insight and it is described by concept-symbol called mahamudra.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Autorzy:
Dyga, Krzysztof
Opoczyńska-Morasiewicz, Małgorzata
Opis:
Autorzy artykułu przedstawiają szerokie spektrum możliwego wpływu diagnozy psychiatrycznej, stanowiącej swoisty przykład metafory miecza obosiecznego używanego przez profesjonalistów. Opisują w nim swoistą typologię "tożsamości postdiagnostycznych" wynikających z akceptacji lub odrzucenia tej diagnozy przez pacjentów. Powyższe tożsamości istotnie warunkują zarówno dalszą terapię, jak i ich funkcjonowanie społeczne.
In the article, we reflect on different meanings and courses of recognition in psychiatry, in other words: on ways in which a diagnosis affects the patient’s identity. Viewpoints of both diagnostician and the diagnosed are examined. In the case of a patient, we take into account an impact of the diagnosis on both personal identity (internalized patient’s identity, the diagnosis as new identity, impoverishment of self-image through medicalized language of one's own experiences' descriptions, but also an integration of fragmented self-knowledge via diagnosis) and social identity (so-called post-diagnostic identities that express different attitudes towards the obtained diagnosis). When discussing post-diagnostic identities, we introduce the notion of insight as a mediator between the former identity and the identity arisen on the ground of diagnosis. The very category of insight as well as stands of objectivity and biologism, are problematised then. There is also a place for deliberations on (traditional and alternative) psychiatric language in the use of not only clinicians but also patients and their families.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
No role of initial problem representation in insight problem solving
Autorzy:
Jastrzębski, Jan
Chuderski, Adam
Opis:
The literature on insight problems - problems that supposedly can only be solved by rejection of an initial faulty problem representation and sudden comprehension of another, nonobvious representation (restructuring) - suggests that the size of initial representations affects the very process of problem solving. Large initial representations impose systematic, analytical search, whereas only small representations promote intuitive, associative processes assumed by some theorists to underpin insight. In a group of 353 young healthy participants, 6 previously validated insight problems were applied in either a small or large initial representation variant. Results demonstrated no reliable difference in performance between the problem variants with regard to (a) solution accuracy, (b) self-reported insight accompanying solutions, (c) effects of fatigue, (d) correlations with another 6 small representation-size problems, and (e) correlations with working memory capacity (which were notable). This outcome suggests that the size of initial faulty representation plays no role in insight problem solving process, supporting the account assuming its strong similarity to systematic, analytical problem solving.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
How physical interaction with insight problems affects solution rates, hint use, and cognitive load
Autorzy:
Kucwaj, Hanna
Jastrzębski, Jan
Chuderski, Adam
Opis:
So-called insight problems are widely studied because they tap into the creative thinking that is crucial for solving real problems. However, insight problems are typically presented in static formats (on paper, computer) that allow no physical interaction with the problem elements, whereas such an interaction might in fact reduce the load on limited cognitive resources, such as working memory (WM) capacity, thereby facilitating solutions. To test this proposition, 124 young adults were allowed to interact physically with nine established insight problems, while another 124 people attempted to solve these problems using paper and pencil. Additionally, hints were provided for three problems that typically no-one solves. No general facilitating effect of physical interaction was found, with only one problem clearly benefitting from it. Furthermore, making use of hints was actually hindered by physical interaction. No difference in perceived task load and correlation with WM capacity was observed between the formats, and subjective ratings of insight were virtually unaffected by presentation format. Overall, physical interaction minimally affected insight problem-solving, which appears to rely strongly on internalized cognitive processing involving WM.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Insightful imagery is related to working memory updating
Autorzy:
Nęcka, Edward
Żak, Piotr
Gruszka-Gosiewska, Aleksandra
Opis:
Available body of evidence concerning the relationship between insight problem solving and working memory (WM) is ambiguous. Several authors propose that restructuring of the problem representation requires controlled search processes, which needs planning and involvement of WM. Other researchers suggest that the restructuring is achieved through the automatic spread of activation in long-term memory, assigning a limited role to WM capacity. In the present study we examined the correlations between insight problem solving performance and measures of WM updating function (n-back task), including general intelligence (as measured by Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices). The results revealed that updating function shared up to 30% of variance with the insight problem task performance, even when the influence of general mental ability was controlled for. These results suggest that insight problem solving is constrained by individual ability to update the content of WM.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Variability of atmospheric parameters of Mars based on data analysis from missions in situ.
Zmienność parametrów atmosferycznych Marsa na podstawie analizy danych z misji in situ.
Autorzy:
Róg, Jadwiga
Opis:
The paper focuses on analysing local variabilities of atmospheric parameters during a few hundred martian days, based on data received from the InSight lander. In the first chapter, in situ missions studying such parameters of Mars atmosphere as: pressure, temperature or wind direction are briefly described. Main mechanisms controlling the atmosphere are introduced as well. Chapter two described the code visualising data from the InSight mission. In the last two chapters, results and conclusions drawn from analysis of atmospheric data for different seasons are presented.
Praca skupia się na badaniu lokalnych zmienności parametrów atmosferycznych w ciągu kilkuset dni marsjańskich na podstawie danych otrzymanych z lądownika InSight. W pierwszym rozdziale zostały krótko opisane misje in situ badające parametry atmosfery Marsa takie jak: ciśnienie, temperatura czy kierunek wiatrów. Przedstawione zostały również główne mechanizmy rządzące atmosferą. Rozdział drugi opisuje działanie kodu do wizualizacji danych z misji InSight. W ostatnich dwóch rozdziałach zaprezentowane zostały wyniki oraz wnioski otrzymane na podstawie analizy danych atmosferycznych dla różnych pór roku.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Inne
Tytuł:
Schizophrenia patients perform as well as healthy controls on creative problem solving when fluid intelligence is accounted for
Autorzy:
Chuderski, Adam
Kucwaj, Hanna
Gajewski, Zdzisław
Wydawca:
Taylor & Francis
Cytata wydawnicza:
Kucwaj H, Gajewski Z, Chuderski A. Schizophrenia patients perform as well as healthy controls on creative problem solving when fluid intelligence is accounted for. Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2023 Jul;28(4):253-268.
Opis:
Introduction: This study examined creative problem solving in schizophrenia. We aimed to verify three hypotheses: (H1) schizophrenia patients differ from healthy controls in the accuracy of creative problem solving; (H2) schizophrenia patients are less effective at evaluating and rejecting incorrect associations and (H3) have a more idiosyncratic way of searching for semantic associations compared to controls. Methods: Six Remote Associates Test (RAT) items and three insight problems were applied to schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. We compared groups on the overall accuracy in the tasks to verify H1 and developed a novel method of comparing the patterns of errors in the RAT to verify H2 and H3. We controlled for fluid intelligence to eliminate this significant source of variation, as typically creativity and intelligence are significantly related. Results: Bayesian factor analysis did not support the group differences in either insight problems and RAT accuracy or the patterns of RAT errors. Conclusions: The patients performed as well as the controls on both tasks. Analysis of RAT errors suggested that the process of searching for remote associations is comparable in both groups. It is highly improbable that individuals with schizophrenia benefit from their diagnosis during creative problem solving.
This work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, under Grant #2021/41/N/HS6/01620.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki
Artykuł
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