Temat: moral judgments - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Preschoolers’ preferences and moral judgements are biased towards those who have more resources
Autorzy:: Myślińska-Szarek, Katarzyna
Baryła, Wiesław
Tematy:: preschoolers
moral judgments
Affective tagging; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127347.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Various studies have indicated that children’s preferences are biased towards those who have more resources or who are considered more fortunate than others. Little is known, however, about whether this preference translates to a moral assessment of the character of those with more or less resources. Our study included 46 children aged four to five. We asked participants to indicate their preference for the richer and the poorer in desirable resources. We also asked them to attribute the moral character of the moral agent or moral recipient. The children revealed a strong bias towards the advantaged character. Not only did they prefer him as a future friend, they also attributed morally positive social roles to him.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Judgment of the morality of an individual responsible for a fatal workplace accident involving subordinates
Autorzy:: Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola
Dobrowolska, Małgorzata
Tematy:: moral incoherence
moral coherence
moral judgments
moral psychology
morality
mining; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162472.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Background The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that additional information about the perpetrator responsible for the death of subordinates at the workplace may influence the assessment of morality. The article contains the results of an empirical study conducted among young adult working Silesians (N = 262), who were asked to evaluate the morality of the person responsible for the decision, in line with which miners had started working on 6th October 2014. On that day miners died following an explosion in the “Mysłowice-Wesoła” methane mine in the Polish Silesia region. Material and Methods The study explored the stories’ method (from the moral psychology domain) as well as a short questionnaire. The respondents received information about the behavior of the perpetrator as well as emotions (socially desirable and undesirable) and (socially desirable and undesirable) views in the form of brief descriptions (stories). They were asked to evaluate the perpetrator’s morality. Results The socially desirable views of the evaluated perpetrator (lack of acceptance for the situation) and the socially desirable emotions (guilt) significantly increased the level of morality according to participants. A single piece of information about the socially desirable emotions didn’t significantly increase the perceived level of perpetrator’s morality; neither did a single piece of information about socially desirable views. Conclusions Results indicate the important role of additional information about emotions and views of the perpetrator in the process of assessing morality. It is worthwhile to implement the practical implications of this study in similar crisis situations at the workplace. Med Pr 2018;69(3):261–267
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Associative processes as determinants of attitudes and judgements
Autorzy:: Parzuchowski, Michał
Tematy:: associative processes
selection of information
attitudes
judgments
moral judgments; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703514.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This article proposes a model describing the nature of associative processes as diagnostic cues for formulating attitudes and judgments. The assumption of the model is that attitudes, judgments and behaviours are based on how people selectively activate, interpret and integrate previously associated signals (selectively limiting the excess of information from both the senses and from our immediate environment). The model specifies which factors hinder or facilitate the formulation of associations between diagnostic signals and how it translates into attitudes, judgments and behaviours. To test the predictions derived from this model, we first showed that linguistic cues of diminutives can indicate physical properties – they were associated with the belief that the described objects were smaller but also worse or less valuable. The second line of research dealt with embodied moral judgments – we demonstrated that the usage of a hand over heart gesture led to more honest behaviour, an increase in judgments of honesty but also reduced tendency to lie for one's own profit. Our findings also suggest that using “standing at attention” body manipulation increased participants' submissiveness to the experimenter and their obedience to norms. This pattern of results suggests that the described model integrates perspectives of embodied cognition and social cognition, documenting the cognitive mechanism needed to formulate and adjust attitudes and judgments.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: When Dishonesty Leads to Trust: Moral Judgments Biased by Self-interest are Truly Believed
Autorzy:: Bocian, Konrad
Baryla, Wieslaw
Wojciszke, Bogdan
Tematy:: moral judgments
self-interest bias
cheating
trust; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430780.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Research has shown that cheating is perceived as immoral when it serves the cheater’s interests, though it can be seen as moral when it serves the interests of the perceiver. However, are such biased moral judgments real, or are they merely lip service? To answer the question of whether biased moral judgments actually inform behavior, the authors asked participants to observe a confederate who either cheated for money or did not cheat, which benefited either the confederate alone or both the confederate and the participating observer. Then, participants evaluated the confederate and, finally, played a one shot trust game with her. Cheating influenced moral judgments and decreased behavioral trust, but this only occurred when self-interest was not involved. When self-interest was involved, participants showed no significant differences in trust levels, independent of whether the confederate had cheated or not. Implications for the dual process theory in moral psychology are discussed.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Failures of imagination : disability and the ethics of selective reproduction
Autorzy:: Soniewicka, Marta
Opis:: The article addresses the problem of disability in the context of reproductive decisions based on genetic information. It poses the question of whether selective procreation should be considered as a moral obligation of prospective parents. To answer this question, a number of different ethical approaches to the problem are presented and critically analyzed: the utilitarian; Julian Savulescu’s principle of procreative beneficence; the rights-based. The main thesis of the article is that these approaches fail to provide any appealing principles on which reproductive decisions should be based. They constitute failures of imagination which may result in counter-intuitive moral judgments about both life with disability and genetic selection. A full appreciation of the ethical significance of recognition in procreative decisions leads to a more nuanced and morally satisfying view than other leading alternatives presented in the article.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Ways of presenting an ethical problem related to eating meat and moral decisions in the context of individual differences
"Sposób prezentacji problemu etycznego związanego z jedzeniem mięsa a decyzje moralne w kontekście różnic indywidualnych"
Autorzy:: Pniewska, Martyna
Opis:: Praca poświęcona jest tematyce podejmowania decyzji moralnych, szczególnie tych dotyczących spożywania mięsa. Opisuje zależności pomiędzy sposobem prezentacji problemu etycznego i stopniem dopuszczalności spożycia prezentowanego w nim obiektu oraz stopniem racjonalności uzasadnień dotyczących decyzji moralnych. Badania prowadzone były w kontekście różnic indywidualnych. Badanie przeprowadzono na grupie 143 pełnoletnich osób z wykorzystaniem testu Ten Item Personality Inventory w polskiej adaptacji dokonanej przez Sorokowską, Słowińską, Zbiega i Sorokowskiego oraz autorskich kwestionariuszy służących do pomiaru stopnia moralnej dopuszczalności prezentowanych obiektów oraz do uzasadniania sądów moralnych. Wykazano istotne związki między sposobem prezentacji problemu etycznego a wydawanymi przez badanych sądami oraz stopniem ich racjonalności. Udało się również wykazać różnice międzygrupowe pomiędzy różnymi stopniami nasilenia każdej z cech osobowości z Wielkiej Piątki a stopniem racjonalności uzasadnień decyzji moralnych. Dowiedziono, że neurotyczność istotnie różnicuje oceny na temat dopuszczalności spożywania mięsa. Zbadano również związki wieku zwierząt ze stopniem dopuszczalności moralnej konsumowania ich.
The work is devoted to the subject of making moral decisions, especially those related to eating meat. It describes the relationship between the way of presenting an ethical problem and the degree of acceptability of consuming meat. Also the rationality level of justifications regarding moral decisions is measured. The research was conducted in the context of individual differences.The study was run on a group of 143 adults using the Ten Item Personality Inventory test in the Polish adaptation made by Sorokowska, Słowińska, Zbieg and Sorokowski, as well as proprietary questionnaires used to measure the moral acceptability of the presented objects and justifications for moral judgments.Significant relations were shown between the way of presenting the ethical problem and the judgments made by the respondents and also between way of presenting the problem and the degree of rationality of justifications. It was also possible to find intergroup differences between the degrees of intensity of each of the Big Five personality traits and the degree of rationality of justifications of moral decisions. It has been proven that neuroticism significantly differentiates the assessment of the acceptability of meat consumption. The relationships between the age of animals and the degree of moral acceptability of their consumption were also examined.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Etyczne aspekty marketingu idei w pozamilitarnej strukturze bezpieczeństwa narodowego
Ethical Aspects of Idea Marketing in the Non-Military Structure of National Security
Autorzy:: Adamkiewicz, Marek
Tematy:: idee
marketing
normy moralne
wartości moralne
oceny moralne
czyny moralne
odpowiedzialność
obowiązek
ideas
moral norms
moral values
moral judgments
moral deeds
responsibility
duty; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955949.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article constitutes a conjecture about the possibility of idea marketing from the viewpoint of normative and descriptive ethics which evaluate and characterize the behavior of people in the public (social) domain. Therefore, presented are moral questions applicable to the evaluation of marketing as a method to promote or suppress ideas useful in politics or ideology. An ethical reflection determines the influence of the planning of the extent of moral ideas influencing social attitudes which can be revealed in a diversified marketing offer, public relations or advertising. On this background, an attempt is made to show the connections between ethics and marketing in both the normative and the ethological perspective, and in the created moral reflection on idea marketing. Hence, the article presents the relations between normative and descriptive ethics, and the marketing strategy of promoting moral ideas. In this context, indicated is the anticipated shape of the not yet existing ethics of idea marketing. This ethics can be understood, on the one hand, as the general set of moral evaluations and norms, and on the other hand, as the knowledge of the morality of the market preciousness of ideas depicted in the system of social expectations related to the sense of nonmilitary security. The final part of the article categorizes moral ideas that may be significant in marketing considerations about respecting and choosing them.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: HISTORIA NAJNOWSZA - POMIĘDZY PEWNOŚCIĄ A ZWĄTPIENIEM?
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY - BETWEEN CERTAINTY AND DOUBT?
Autorzy:: ŁASZKIEWICZ, Hubert
Tematy:: Sources analysis
professional ethics of historian
moral judgments in history
methodology of history
methodology of social sciences
historical synthesis
cumulative concept of historical science
metaphors in historical argumentation; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909928.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper discuss the regulatory principles which might be included into discussion on the controversy over the uses and misuses of contemporary history in Poland. The main proposals are as follow. We need greater methodological awareness that sources we are using whilst describing and interpreting the history are not refl ecting the whole past (which is simply impossible). While observing divergent versions of reconstructed past one should notice that the most divergent matt ers are connected with ethics. Three levels of ethics and moral judgments are listed: professional ethic of historian (is he a judge or observer), ethics/moral judgments of the past we investigate, moral judgment about the past. However tempting, metaphorical use of language should be limited at least at this stage of controversy, for there are not a commonly agreed set of metaphors, thus their use might only complicate the exchange of opinions.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Etyka zawodowa. Kompetencje etyczne nauczycieli
Autorzy:: Malitowska, Anna
Tematy:: In the following considerations the author addresses the issue of teachers' professional ethics and in particular the issue of teachers ethical competence which is understood as a capacity to make responsible moral judgments with regard to situatio; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/637637.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In the following considerations the author addresses the issue of teachers' professional ethics and in particular the issue of teachers ethical competence which is understood as a capacity to make responsible moral judgments with regard to situations that occur in the course of professional practice. In accordance with the pragmatic idea of community of inquiry, the author argues that the role of professional ethics is to design the discourse concerned with moral problems which should allow the teachers to develop and cultivate ethical competences.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: The Return to Values in Recent Sociological Theory
Autorzy:: Sztompka, Piotr
Tematy:: values
value-judgments
valuations
ideology
syllogism
meaning
moral impulse; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930158.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The author reviews two opposite traditional positions on the role of values and value judgements in sociological research and theory: treating values as a bias interfering in research, or treating values as ideology providing privileged access to knowledge. He traces the recent revival of the debate about valuations, focusing particularly on the claims of the so-called “public sociology.” Then the author’s own position is outlined based on the fundamental particularity of the social sciences as contrasted with the natural sciences. The old argument that values do not follow from facts is acknowledged as true in the sense of logical deduction, but in the social sciences we encounter different mechanism of implication, which may be called “sociological syllogism:” values may follow from facts, and facts may imply values because, on the one hand, people act on their axiological beliefs, and human actions constitute social facts, and on the other hand, social facts (e.g. about poverty, inequality, degradation, crime, terrorism) mobilize moral impulses and valuational commitments. In other words values shape meanings of human actions and resulting social facts, and the knowledge of facts acquires valuational meaning by mobilizing human axiological impulses. The strict separation of facts and values does not work in the social sciences; there is a two-directional link between the two. This opens the possibility for “sociological ethics” deriving normative standards of social life from the research results of sociology.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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