Temat: phytotoxicity - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Study of Microbiological Processes in the Soil of a Two-Year Fallow
Autorzy:: Malynovska, Iryna
Tkachenko, Mycola
Bulgakov, Volodymyr
Ptashnik, Mykhailo
Ivanovs, Semjons
Tematy:: microbiocenosis
fallow
mineralisation
humus
phytotoxicity; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202367.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A high degree of ploughing the soils is a destabilization factor of agrolandscapes and intensification of the erosion processes. Therefore, there arises a need to study the direction of the soil processes during the transfer of the arable land into a state of fallow. The state of microbiocenosis of a two-year-old abandoned land (fallow) was investigated using the gray forest soil in the variants of spontaneous overgrowth, sowing of grass mixtures and sowing of grass mixtures with simultaneous optimization of mineral nutrition of the phytocenosis as an example. It has been established that the least stable microbiocenosis is formed during the cultivation of the grass mixtures, which is characterized by the minimum total number of microorganisms (647.1 million CFU•g–1 of absolutely dry soil) and the minimum number of significant relations between the constituents (components) of the microbial community (98). The total number of microorganisms in the microbiocenosis of the spontaneous overgrowth variant and the legume-grass mixture exceeds that of the cereal grass mixture variant by 6.29 and 34.8%, respectively. A similar indicator for the total number of significant relations was 4.08%. Application of mineral fertilizers intensifies the process of mineralization of nitrogen compounds and slows down the consumption of the soil organic matter in the variants of sudden recovery of phytocenosis and cultivation of the legume-cereal grass mixture. The soil of the variant of the grass mixture is characterized by minimum total biological activity; it is 1.33 and 33.2% lesser than the total biological activity of the variants of spontaneous overgrowth and cultivation of the legume-grass mixture.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Optimizing the use of the PHYTOTOXKIT test to assess the toxicity of soil contaminated with creosote
Autorzy:: Kucaj, W.F.
Rygielski, K.
Cybulska, K.
Tematy:: phytotoxicity
plants
creosote
mathematical model; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971611.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Soil phytotoxicity studies were performed with different doses of creosote by means of the PHYTOTOXKIT test, using Sinapis alba, Lepidium sativum, Sorghum saccharatum as test plants. The obtained results indicate highly signifiant effect of the creosote dose, duration of soil incubation, type of test plant and period, after which the root length measurement was performed during the phytotoxicity index root test. The analysis of results indicates the highest sensitivity of Sorghum saccharatum to creosote and the highest correlation of results obtained with the aid of Lepidium sativum when measuring the root length after the fist day the seeds are lined with the size of the dose. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to predict the reaction of test plants on the size of creosote dose as well as to assess its amount in the soil based on the root phytotoxicity. These results allow for a signifiant simplifiation of the test and shorten its duration. This allows the modifid test to be used for simple monitoring of not only the phytotoxicity but also the creosote residues during reclamation of contaminated soil.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The application of the germination index in the assessment of the phytotoxicity of bottom sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir
Autorzy:: Szara, M.
Baran, A.
Tarnawski, M.
Koniarz, T.
Tematy:: bottom sediment
phytotoxicity
germination index
Phytotoxkit; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184221.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aims of the study were to assess the phytoxicity of bottom sediments collected from the Rybnik Reservoir. The water reservoir in Rybnik is located in the Silesian Voivodeship. The reservoir constitutes a part of the technological chain of Elektrownia Rybnik S.A. as a direct receiver of industrial and rainwater sewage, sewage from a water treatment plant, blowdowns from cooling towers, and as an essential source of cooling water. Sediment samples were collected with an Eckman sampler from 33 locations. The toxicity of bottom sediments was determined using the Phytotoxkit direct contact test, carried out for 3 plants: Sorghum saccharatum, Sinapis alba and Lepidium sativum. On the basis of the data received, the germination index (GI) was calculated. We found the mean value of the germination index indicated the dominance of the inhibitory effect of bottom sediments on plant growth. Sorghum saccharatum was the most sensitive to pollutants in sediments, while Lepidium sativum was the least sensitive. The Phytotoxkit is a good tool for assessing the toxicity of bottom sediments.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Bioremediation Possibilities of Oil-Contaminated Soil by Biosurfactant Based on Bacillus Strain
Autorzy:: Nedoroda, Vladyslav
Trokhymenko, Ganna
Magas, Nataliya
Tematy:: bioassay
biodegradation
bioremediation
biosurfactant
petroleum
phytotoxicity
soil; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173345.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This paper represents the results of the investigation of soil phytotoxicity with a high level of oil pollution. The artificially contaminated soils were exposed to an oil-destroying biosurfactant based on the strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. The main objective of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a consortium of microorganisms in reducing the phytotoxicity of soils with high levels of oil contamination. The determination was performed on the reactions of test organisms to the pollution of the soil environment. The test system in the experiment comprised Sorghum bicolor subsp. Drummondii, Phleum pretense, Galéga officinális, Trifolium pretense, Medicágo sativa, and Sinapis arvensis. The variety of the applied indicator plants has provided a comprehensive analysis of the results of oil destruction and allowed an assessment of the sensitivity of the seeds of each species to toxic substances.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: The Usage of Plant Test Systems for the Determination of Phytotoxicity of Contaminated with Petroleum Products Soil
Autorzy:: Cherniak, Larysa
Mikhyeyev, Oleksandr
Madzhd, Svitlana
Lapan, Oksana
Dmytrukha, Tetyana
Korniienko, Iryna
Tematy:: phytotoxicity
biotesting
soil
oil product
pollution
aviation fuel; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838382.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The level of phytotoxicity of the soil samples artificially contaminated with the aviation kerosene was determined in the work. The dependences of the growth characteristics of the plant test system (flax) on the excess of the approximate permissible concentrations (APC) of the oil product concentration in the soil were identified. The change in the mass of raw material depending on the level of aviation kerosene contamination of soil samples was determined. A decrease in the plant growth activity with an increase in the content of aviation fuel in the soil was established. It was found that there is a hormesis effect at certain concentrations of aviation kerosene in the soil. The comparison of the concentration dependences of the action of petroleum products on the growth rates of seedlings and their dependence on the distance to the source of pollution allowed in the latter case to conduct a kind of “dosimetry” on exposure concentrations when the petroleum product concentration was not determined.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Preliminary Phytotoxicity Test on Salinity Against Mangrove Plants of Rhizophora mucronata
Autorzy:: Titah, Harmin Sulistiyaning
Purwanti, Ipung Fitri
Pratikno, Herman
Chimayati, Rachmi Layina
Handayanu, -
Tematy:: bio-desalination
brackish water
mangrove
salinity
preliminary phytotoxicity; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952465.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The phytotechnology concept that is applied for a bio-desalination reactor become a new desalination technology. The desalination technology can be called as bio-desalination technology to remove ions of Na+ and Cl- in brackish or saline water using mangrove plant. Before the mangrove plants were used in bio-desalination technology, the preliminary phytotoxicity test was conducted. The purpose was to determine the salinity concentration at which the mangrove species of Rhizophora mucronata can survive. The preliminary phytotoxicty test was carried out using a plastic reactor that was designed as a reed bed system. The reactors filled with gravel, sand, and artificial saline water. The variation of the NaCl concentrations were 0 mg/L as control, 10,000; 20,000; 30,000; 40,000, and 50,000 mg/L. The physical observation of the survival condition of Rhizophora mucronata was carried out during the preliminary test for 7 days. The analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on Rhizophora mucronata was conducted at the end of exposure. The results showed that Rhizophora mucronata could not survive at the concentrations of 40,000 and 50,000 mg/L. Rhizophora mucronata changed the color of the leaves to brown and the stems become softer. Multiple cell damage and the decreasing trend of sodium and chloride amounts occured on roots and stems at the salinity concentration of 50,000 mg/L. In conclusion, the high of salinity concentration (> 30,000 mg/L) can be toxic to Rhizophora mucronata.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Tolerancja wybranych gatunków roślin na obecność węglowodorów w glebie
Tolerance of chosen plant species for hydrocarbons presence in the soil
Autorzy:: Bienasz, Elżbieta
Opis:: Tolerance is defined as an ability of an organism to adapt to changing environmental factors. This work focuses on tolerance of chosen plant species for hydrocarbons presence in the soil. The range of plant’s tolerance for hydrocarbons depends mostly on plant species. Plants from Poaceae and Fabaceae families are known for their higher hydrocarbon tolerance. Differences in tolerance occur not only in genera, but also between species or even varieties. Presence of hydrocarbons in the soil affects plants in a variety of ways, such as: a decrease in the number of germinated seeds, reduction of plant’s aboveground height as well as root system length and leaf chlorosis. Severity of changes mentioned above depends not only on plant’s tolerance, but also on hydrocarbons present in the soil: their type, physio-chemical properties, concentration and time passed between the contamination and vegetation. Soil type, porosity, water and organic matter content are also important. Final effect that hydrocarbons induce on plants, whether positive, negative or neutral, depends on interactions in soil-hydrocarbons-plant system. Species with higher hydrocarbon tolerance and highly-developed root system are used in bioremediation. It is the cheapest and least intrusive way of dealing with contaminated soils, although not without flaws. Plants can accelerate hydrocarbons decomposition, however rhizosphere microorganisms have the ability to decompose them. Plants play a crucial, indirect role by creating favourable conditions for rhizodegradation.
Tolerancja jest zdolnością organizmu do adaptacji do czynników środowiskowych. W tej pracy skupiono się na tolerancji wybranych gatunków roślin na obecność węglowodorów w glebie. Zakres tolerancji roślin na związki ropopochodne jest zależny w dużej mierze od gatunku. Do grupy roślin odznaczających się wyższą tolerancją na obecność węglowodorów należą głownie wiechlinowate (Poaceae) oraz bobowate (Fabaceae). Jednak nawet w obrębie poszczególnych rodzajów istnieją rozbieżności pomiędzy gatunkami, a nawet odmianami. W przypadku roślin, oznaką zanieczyszczenia gleby węglowodorami mogą być: obniżony procent kiełkujących nasion, ograniczony wzrost części nadziemnych i systemu korzeniowego oraz chlorozy liści. Skala tych zmian zależy nie tylko od tolerancji rośliny, ale również obecności węglowodorów: ich typu i właściwości fizyko-chemicznych, stężenia oraz czasu, który upłynął od ich wprowadzenia do gleby. Ważne są też cechy samej gleby: jej typ, porowatość oraz zawartość wody i materii organicznej. Końcowy wpływ węglowodorów na rośliny, bądź jego brak, zależny jest od oddziaływań w układzie gleba-węglowodory-roślina. Gatunki o wyższej tolerancji na obecność związków ropopochodnych oraz rozbudowanym systemie korzeniowym wykorzystywane są w bioremediacji. Proces ten, choć nie bez wad, jest najtańszym i najbardziej naturalnym rozwiązaniem problemu zanieczyszczonych gleb. Rozkład węglowodorów może być przyspieszany przez rośliny, jednak to mikroorganizmy związane z ryzosferą mają zdolności rozkładania węglowodorów. Rośliny pełnią bardzo ważną rolę pośrednią, tworząc dogodne warunki do ryzodegradacji.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Inne

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Does the addition of soil amendments have a positive influence on landfill soils?
Autorzy:: Vaverková, Magdalena Daria
Tematy:: soil contamination, soil amendments, soil phytotoxicity, landfill; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/762851.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Waste disposal in landfills is one of most frequently used methods of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Landfills disturb to a certain extent the landscape character and disposal of waste in landfils represents one of human activities that may impair natural ecosystems. Due to waste decomposition, numerous chemical, physical and biological reactions and changes occur within the landfill body that give rise to dangerous and harmful substances. One of the problems very often occurring in the landfill surrounding is soil contamination. This study is focused on the assessment of soils contamination due to the operation of sanitary MSW landfill. The aim was to determine the effect of diatomite and compost on soil phytotoxicity. Toxicity was assessed in a pot experiment with soil amendments. Soil samples (sample 1–4) for the experiment were taken from the landfill site (sample 1–3) and its surrounding (sample 4). The aim of this study was to check relation between soil amendments added to the soil sample and the amount of biomass produced by some plant species (Sinapis alba L., Hordeum vulgare L.). In this study soil amendments improved soil characteristics. The paper shows that a higher percentage of biomass weight increase was recorded in samples 1, 2, 3 and 4 with the addition of compost. As compared with the addition of diatomite, biomass weight in the samples with the added compost increased on average by 67.25%. Therefore, it can be stated that the addition of diatomite did not advance the plant growth as much as the addition of compost. The potential of using soil amendments in practice is promising.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Phytotoxicity of vermiwash (leachate) from home vermireactor - verification of methodology
Autorzy:: Stejskal, Bohdan
Tematy:: vermicomposting
home vermirector
vermiwash phytotoxicity
germination index; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101213.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Vermicomposting is a completely environmentally friendly technology that converts biodegradable waste into a value-added vermicompost. The vermicomposting technology can also be utilized for generating a bioliquid termed as vermiwash. In case of vermicomposting in vertical continuous feeding vermireactor (VermiHut Worm Bin), the vermiwash can be collected separately in the lowest part of vermireactor. Then the vermiwash can be used as a liquid fertilizer. The aim of the presented study was to assess the phytotoxicity of vermiwash depending on its concentration. To assess the phytotoxicity levels of the vermiwash, the germination index (GI) was calculated according to the certified methodology (the watercress assay). Within the pilot research, the certified methodology was verified and then optimized.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Phytotoxicity Testing of Composts from Biodegradable Municipal Waste
Autorzy:: Sláviková, Martina
Báreková, Anna
Tátošová, Lucia
Ducsay, Ladislav
Tematy:: composting plant
electric composter
phytotoxicity
germination
phytotron; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202293.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The production of compost from biodegradable municipal waste is important not only for reducing the amount of landfilled waste. The compost produced with the right technology can replenish the missing organic matter in the soil and improve its properties. This paper deals with the evaluation of the phytotoxicity of composts from garden and kitchen biodegradable wastes. Their effect on plant germination and overall plant condition under laboratory conditions was investigated. The samples of compost from the industrial composting plant of the city of Nitra and compost from the electric composter GG02 were used for this test. The tested composts were mixed with the reference substrate in different concentrations and applied to two plant species – Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare). After 21 days, the number of germinated plants (i.e. germination rate), the length of the aerial part of the plants, the weight of fresh biomass and also its weight after drying were evaluated. The highest lettuce germination rate was obtained with 25% of the compost from the industrial composting plant. Barley achieved the best germination rate at up to 50% concentration of this compost. However, the highest biomass weight was obtained for the barley in the reference sample, i.e. without the addition of compost. In contrast, the application of compost from the industrial composting plant on lettuce, regardless of its concentration, had a clear stimulating effect, in all the parameters studied. The compost from the electric composter at concentrations of 25 and 50% had an inhibitory effect on all tested parameters of both plants.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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