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Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 112
Tytuł:
Effects of severe winters and fox predation on roe deer mortality
Autorzy:
Lindström, E.
Cederlund, G.
Powiązania:
Acta Theriologica
Opis:
This is a study of the mutual impact of roe deer, Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) and red foxes, Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) ; deer mortality and food supply needed for fox reproduction. Density of roe deer was reported via questionnaires to increase during the study except an interruption after the severe winter 1976/77. The interruption was more pronounced in a northern forested area with deeper snow cover than in a southern mixed agricultural area.
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Książka
Tytuł:
Recenzje
Curio, E. 1976 - The ethology of predation - Zoophysiology and ecology 7, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, ss. 250
Autorzy:
Goszczyński, Jacek
Współwytwórcy:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Ekologii
Wydawca:
Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
Powiązania:
Wiadomości Ekologiczne
Opis:
Pages 292-293 ; 24 cm
Strony 292-293 ; 24 cm
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Książka
Tytuł:
Problematyka stosunków ekologicznych między drapieżcą a ofiarą
Problems of the ecological relations between predator and prey
Autorzy:
Tarwid, Kazimierz
Łuczak, Jadwiga
Współwytwórcy:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Ekologiczny
Wydawca:
Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
Powiązania:
Ekologia Polska. Seria B
Opis:
Pages 319-324 ; 24 cm
Streszczenie w języku angielskim
Abstract in English
Bibliografia na stronach 322-324
Bibliographical references (pages 322-324)
Strony 319-324 ; 24 cm
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Książka
Tytuł:
An unusual predator-prey relationship inferred from a Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) nautilid from southern Poland
Autorzy:
Lomax, Dean R.
Jain, Sreepat
Płachno, Bartosz
Salamon, Mariusz A.
Duda, Piotr
Klug, Christian
Opis:
The records of sub-lethally or lethally injured nautilids are rare, as are their Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) occurrences. Here, we report a large nautilid (88 mm shell diameter) from the Polish Jura (southern Poland), which was ventrally bitten at its phragmocone. It is a Cenoceras sp. from the middle Bathonian (Bremeri Zone) of the Gnaszyn brick-pit associated with the ammonite Prohecticoceras. Although coeval strata have yielded records of predatory shark teeth belonging to Palaeobrachaelurus, Protospinax, Sphenodus, and an orectolobiform, the bite traces on the nautilid are morphologically different and are at least 13 times larger, thus ruling out sharks as predators. Other plausible predators include marine reptiles such as pliosaurid plesiosaurs, thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs or ichthyosaurs, other cephalopods such as large squids, ammonites or even nautilids (including cannibalism). Based on the morphology and dimensions of the bite marks, the most likely candidate appears to be a pliosaurid whose remains have been well-recorded from the Middle and Upper Jurassic rocks of Poland. Regarding the predation attempt, it appears to have been lethal but possibly was a failed attack from the right side of the organism, as evidenced by the bite marks on its ventral surface. It is conceivable that the plesiosaur was unable to grasp the thick and presumably slippery nautiloid firmly after the first bite as reflected by the presence of only two 20 mm-wide bite marks, and then dropped the nautilid. Alternatively, it managed to rip the soft parts out of the conch and dropped the latter without further crushing it.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In defence of an iconic ichnogenus : Oichnus Bromley
Autorzy:
Wisshak, M.
Kroh, A.
Bertling, M.
Knaust, D.
Nielsen, J. K.
Jagt, J. W. M.
Neumann, C.
Nielsen, K. S. S.
Tematy:
ichnology
ichnotaxonomy
Oichnus
Tremichnus
Sedilichnus
bioerosion
predation
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191852.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
By establishing the bioerosion ichnogenus Oichnus, Richard Bromley (1981) addressed ‘small round holes in shells’ and catalysed a series of still ongoing discussions on ichnotaxonomical principles. In a recent revision by Zonneveld and Gingras (2014), Oichnus was rejected, together with Tremichnus Brett, 1985 and Fossichnus Nielsen, Nielsen and Bromley, 2003, by means of subjective synonymisation with the presumed senior synonym Sedilichnus Müller, 1977. However, Sedilichnus is nomenclaturally unavailable, because it is an atelonym (conditionally proposed). In addition, reinvestigation of the type material of ‘Sedilichnus’ shows that it probably describes variably shaped oscula and thus is a genuine morphological character of the host sponge Prokaliapsisjanus, rather than a bioerosion trace fossil. The ichnogenera Oichnus and Tremichnus are re vised, leading to the synonymisation of Balticapunctum Rozhnov, 1989 with Tremichnus, and of Fossichnus with Oichnus. The refined ichnogeneric diagnoses return Oichnus to complete or incomplete bioerosive penetrations in calcareous skeletal substrates, commonly interpreted as praedichnia with or without signs of attachment, while Tremichnus (now including O. excavatus) exclusively refers to shallow pits passing into echinoderm skeletons that are interpreted as domichnia or fixichnia.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wybrane zagadnienia teoretyczne drapieżnictwa
Selected theoretical problems of predatism
Materiały z konferencji ekologicznych
Zagadnienie teoretyczne drapieżnictwa
Autorzy:
Tarwid, Kazimierz
Współwytwórcy:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Ekologiczny
Wydawca:
Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
Powiązania:
Ekologia Polska. Seria B
Opis:
Streszczenie w języku angielskim
Strony 55-62 ; 24 cm
Classic models of the effect of predators on population numbers of prey can bereduced to the mechanism presented in Figure 1. It is however today a well-knownfact that unequivocal determination by the predator of the level of its victimsnumbers must not necessarily occur under natural conditions. The role of the predators may be modified as far as complete absence of effect on numbers thepredator is then ineffective (Tarwid 1964). For instance, a population, the size ofwhich is determined by the capacity of the habitat, is not simultaneously determinedby the predator. Different pictures are obtained in polygeneratic population s (e.g.cohorts over lapping each other and coexisting), and again different picture occurin monogeneratic populations in which at a given time and place we are concernedwith one generation only. It is possible greatly to simplify analyses of very differing pictures of the effect of the predator on the numbers of its preys, reducing them to analysing thenumbers of single generations (cohorts). The problem is then simplified to analysisof the reducing action of the predator on survival of the generation (cohort) andpossibly to coaction between cohorts. It is proposed to split the uniformly drawncurve of survival (Fig. 4) into development phases which illustrate the differentrequirements in relation to the ecological niche and different attack made by givenpredators (Fig. 2).The basic effect of the predator’s activities on survival is to reduce the courseof the curve to an exponential form. This is shown both by theoretical reasoningsand by the results of experiments. In the author’s opinion, however, certain ofthe pictures obtained from some of the experiments can, after more detailed analysis, be interpreted differently.When one from among the development phases of a generation is determinedin respect of its numbers density dependently (for instance Var1ey 1963), thatphase will even out the effect of the previous action of predators according to thediagram (Fig. 3: different degrees of the predator’s effect) .When in drawing the curve of survival we lay on the axes of abscissae notage, but production necessary in order to maintain the representatives of given age,then the field between the axis of abscisse and the curve of survival will give theproduction used to obtain (and to maintain) the given population (Fig. 4). The partof the field shaded with diagonal lines represents the production of individualswhich die befor e attaining maturity. These are the production costs of the population’s existence.In the case of polygeneratic populations the shape of the curve may be enforcedby external circumstances, or may be conditioned by intrapopulation regulating processes (for instance in the case of density dependent regulation). In thefirst case additional intervention of the predator changes the curve of survival inan obvious way, as shown on Figure 5. In the case of intra population regulationof population numbers additional intervention of the predator changes the survivalof the first cohort only. It occurs analogically to the situation shown in Figure 5.In the following cohorts, however, if the numbers of adult individuals are to bemaintained , increase in the number of young individuals entering the phase subjectto predator pressure must previously have taken place. The change in the curveof survival corresponding to this is shown in Figure 6. The shaded field refers to theadditional production of the population in favour of the predator.
Abstract in English
Bibliografia na stronie 61
Bibliographical references (page 61)
Pages 55-62 ; 24 cm
Dostawca treści:
RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych
Książka
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 112

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