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Tytuł:
Financing of immunization programs by local government units in Poland as an element of health policy
Autorzy:
Augustynowicz, Anna
Lewtak, Katarzyna
Waszkiewicz, Michał
Karakiewicz, Beata
Borowska, Mariola
Banaś, Tomasz
Opolski, Janusz
Czerw, Aleksandra
Borowicz, Jacek
Opis:
Introduction: The scope and schedule of immunization in Poland is regulated by the Immunization Programme prepared and announced by the State Sanitary Inspector. There are two kinds of vaccines: compulsory vaccines, financed by the state budget at the disposal of the Minister of Health, and vaccines recommended by the central health authorities but financed by local governments within health policy programmes. Compulsory vaccines cover people up to 19 years of age and individuals at higher risk of infections. The public health programmes organized and financed by local governments play an important role in infectious disease control in the country. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyse health policy programmes including immunization programmes, which were developed, implemented and financed by local government units of all levels in Poland between 2016 and 2019. Material and Methods: This analysis covers data compiled by voivodes and submitted to the Minister of Health as annual information on public health tasks carried out by local government units. From the aggregate information, data on all health policy programmes conducted by individual local government units between 2016 and 2019, including immunization, were extracted and analysed. The data were obtained pursuant to the provisions of the act on access to public information. Results: In the analysed period, local government units implemented a total of 1737 health policy programmes that financed the purchase of vaccines, qualification tests for immunization and carrying out immunization by authorized medical entities. Among the vast majority of programmes, promotional activities were also implemented. Conclusions: In Poland, local governments are deeply engaged in the immunization of their citizens by organizing and financing specific health care programmes. These programmes are an essential addition to the state financial resources in infectious disease control. This engagement expresses local government maturity regarding the health needs of the population and public health measures. Communes are the most engaged units among all levels of local governments. It is probably due to close mutual communication between the people and local governments. The growing awareness of the important role of HPV immunization in the prevention of cervical cancer among local government units is reflected in the increase in the number of girls vaccinated against HPV and the increase in financial resources allocated for primary HPV prevention. The decrease in the number of people vaccinated against pneumococci may result from including pneumococcal vaccines in the compulsory immunization schedule.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dietary management of patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease; EUROASPIRE V
Autorzy:
Jankowski, Piotr
Reiner, Zeljko
Marques-Vidal, Pedro
Kotseva, Kornelia
De Bacquer, Dirk
Opis:
Background: Dietary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors is seldom implemented. Aim: We assessed the dietary changes made by subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design and setting: Cross-sectional, multicentre observational study (European Society of Cardiology - ESC EORP-EUROASPIRE V Primary Care) including 78 centres from 16 ESC countries. Methods: Participants aged 18–79 years, devoid of CVD but treated with antihypertensive and/or lipid-lowering and/or antidiabetic therapy were interviewed >6 months and <2 years after medication initiation. Information regarding dietary management was collected by questionnaire. Results: 2759 participants (overall participation rate 70.2%, 1589 women, 1415 aged ≥60 years, 43.5% with obesity, 71.1% on antihypertensive, 29.2% on lipid-lowering and 31.5% on antidiabetic treatment). Among participants with obesity, 47.7% reported having received dietary advice to lose weight [range: 24.7% (Greece) to 71.8% (Lithuania)]. Among participants on antihypertensive drug therapy, 53.9% reported being on a blood pressure lowering diet [range: 5.6% (UK) to 90.4% (Greece)]; a reduction of salt intake in the last three years was reported by 71.4% [range: 12.5% (Sweden) to 89.7% (Egypt)]. Among participants on lipid-lowering therapy, 56.0% reported being on a lipid lowering diet [range: 7.1% (Sweden) to 90.3% (Egypt)]. Among participants with diabetes, 57.2% reported being on a diet [range: 21.6% (Romania) to 95.1% (Bosnia & Herzegovina)]; a reduction in sugar intake was reported by 80.8% [range: 56.5% (Sweden) to 96.7% (Russian Federation)]. Conclusions: In ESC countries, fewer than 60% of participants at high CVD risk report being on a specific diet, with wide differences between countries.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena postępowania w zespole uzależnienia od tytoniu (ZUT) w podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej (POZ). Wyniki ogólnopolskiego badania zrealizowanego w ramach Programu Ministerstwa Zdrowia POLKARD
Autorzy:
Szafraniec, Krystyna
Pająk, Andrzej
Cichocka, Izabela
Frejek, Magdalena
Broda, Grażyna
Drygas, Wojciech
Gąsior, Zbigniew
Grodzicki, Tomasz
Zdrojewski, Tomasz
Tematy:
smoking, primary care, prevention
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635139.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Evaluation the effectiveness of primary care in professional assistance for smoking patientsAbout 40% of men and 25% of women in Poland are smokers and smoking causes approximately 50 000 premature deaths annually. According to the WHO experts, a tobacco cessation short intervention program provided by primary care physicians is one of the most important prevention measures. In 2004 National  Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Program was launched as a procedure funded by National Health Funds (NFZ), which included the identification of smokers, assessment and treatment of smoking habit. In 2007, the Polish Forum of Prevention issued guidelines that can serve as an effective framework for tobacco cessation intervention in primary care clinics. The aim of this paper is: 1) evaluation the effectiveness of primary care in professional assistance for smoking patients, 2) evaluation of the impact of the NFZ program on frequency of professional consultations on smoking cessation and evaluation of the impact of the NFZ program on smoking prevalence. There were 66 primary care clinics which were recruited to participate the project; 33 clinics participated in NFZ program, the remaining 33 constituted a control group.Random sample of persons at age 35–55 years was selected from all persons registered in each clinic. Eligible for the study were patients free of cvd for whom medical records were available from January 1st 2005 at least. Finally 3940 patients in NFZ clinics, 3162 patients in control clinics were included. For each eligible patient medical records were reviewed and information was collected using a standard questionnaire.All patients were invited for a visit in the clinic. Finally, 2314 persons from the NFZ clinics and 2107 persons from the control clinics participated were examined.That effectiveness of the routine management of smoking cessation in primary care practices was very low. Equally in the NFZ clinics and the control group about 45% of participants were current smokers. Only 15% of patients had recorded information on smoking status in medical documentation and no significant difference between the NFZ clinics and the control group was observed. The NFZ program increased identification of smoking patients (up to about 80%). Physicians and nurses provided advising to 80% and 30% patients, respectively and the other measures to facilitate smoking cessation were used in small proportion of patients. For instance nicotine replacement therapy, including bupropion, was advised to less than 10% of smokers.With the exception to distribution of leaflets which were distributed more frequently in patients of clinics which participated in the NFZ program (22.5%) as compared to control clinics (12.8%), there were no statistical differences in proportion of patients getting professional assistance or other intervention measures between the studied groups. The NFZ program appeared to play important role in identification of smokers. However, the program was not effective enough in treatment of patients addicted to smoking. There is a need to supply the NFZ program by more effective procedure, a kind of structured intervention, which would allow to lower smoking prevalence in primary care patients.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of acetylsalicylic acid and circulating microRNAs in primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 - a review
Autorzy:
Chabior, A.
Pordzik, J.
Mirowska-Guzel, D.
Postuła, M.
Tematy:
diabetes mellitus
primary prevention
platelets
acetylsalicylic acid
microRNA
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2085138.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder, which carries a risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular impairment. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the role of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in primary cardiovascular prevention in T2DM patients, as well as present an outline of microRNAs (miRNA) relevant to ASA therapy and should be evaluated as targets to improve treatment. Brief description of state of knowledge. Although the etiology of hypercoagulable state in T2DM is considered multifactorial, attention mainly focuses on platelet disturbances. Platelets in T2DM not only demonstrate intensified adhesion, activation, aggregation, and thrombin generation, but are likely to deliver miRNAs at specific sites of action in the cardiovascular system, hence contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events. Objective. Since cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the leading cause of mortality among T2DM patients, appropriate risk stratification and management is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality in this group. A large number of T2DM patients show inadequate response to antiplatelet therapy, which currently revolves around ASA, despite compliance with treatment regimens proposed by the guidelines. Conclusions. The review shows that the use of ASA for primary prevention is beneficial in patients at high cardiovascular risk. However, it is important to select patients in whom ASA therapy will bring the most beneficial outcome with minimal risk for adverse effects. This can be potentially achieved with the use of unique biomarkers. The biologically diverse characteristics of miRNA make them a promising novel biomarker and potential tool for better risk stratification, as well as antiplatelet therapy optimization.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic evaluation of health promotion interventions for older people : do applied economic studies meet the methodological challenges?
Autorzy:
Huter, Kai
Kocot, Ewa
Rothgang, Heintz
Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Katarzyna
Kissimova-Skarbek, Ekaterina
Opis:
Background: In the light of demographic developments health promotion interventions for older people are gaining importance. In addition to methodological challenges arising from the economic evaluation of health promotion interventions in general, there are specific methodological problems for the particular target group of older people. There are especially four main methodological challenges that are discussed in the literature. They concern measurement and valuation of informal caregiving, accounting for productivity costs, effects of unrelated cost in added life years and the inclusion of ‘beyond-health’ benefits. This paper focuses on the question whether and to what extent specific methodological requirements are actually met in applied health economic evaluations. Methods: Following a systematic review of pertinent health economic evaluations, the included studies are analysed on the basis of four assessment criteria that are derived from methodological debates on the economic evaluation of health promotion interventions in general and economic evaluations targeting older people in particular. Results: Of the 37 studies included in the systematic review, only very few include cost and outcome categories discussed as being of specific relevance to the assessment of health promotion interventions for older people. The few studies that consider these aspects use very heterogeneous methods, thus there is no common methodological standard. Conclusion: There is a strong need for the development of guidelines to achieve better comparability and to include cost categories and outcomes that are relevant for older people. Disregarding these methodological obstacles could implicitly lead to discrimination against the elderly in terms of health promotion and disease prevention and, hence, an age-based rationing of public health care.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategies for the primary prevention of Lyme Disease
Strategie profilaktyki Boreliozy
Autorzy:
Kaczoruk, M.
Pacian, A.B.
Kawiak-Jawor, E.
Kaczor-Szkodny, P.
Tematy:
Lyme disease
primary prevention
health policy
borelioza
profilaktyka
polityka zdrowotna
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2053990.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
This study aimed to analyze the severity of risks associated specific tick-borne diseases and to identify directions for the development of preventive measures, particularly for Lyme disease. Thus, a detailed literature review was performed to analyze epidemiological data and the latest scientific research in the field of prevention and health education for Lyme disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that it is necessary to increase the level of knowledge and health awareness of individuals living in the highest-risk areas and who travel to countries with endemic vectors. Additional activities of the WHO in the area of vector-borne disease prevention resulted from the adoption of the global vector control response 2017-2030 (GVCR 2017-2030), which focused on diseases transmitted by vectors. At the EU level, activities include the European Emerging and Vector-borne Diseases (EVD) program. At the national level, the basic legal act related to the issue of infectious diseases is the Act of 5 December 2008 on preventing and combating infections and infectious diseases in humans. The main body implementing activities in the field of prevention and health education in Poland is the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate (GIS). Creating new ways to implement preventive actions, including those regarding the problem of tick-borne diseases in humans, should take into account a number of factors that determine their effectiveness. The creation of effective educational strategies translates into the effectiveness of prevention efforts and negative social effects.
Celem pracy jest analiza skali zagrożenia związanego ze specyfiką chorób odkleszczowych, w tym szczególnie boreliozy oraz wyznaczenie kierunków działań profilaktycznych. W tym celu dokonano szczegółowego przeglądu literatury, analizując dane epidemiologiczne oraz najnowsze badania naukowe z obszaru profilaktyki i edukacji zdrowotnej, w aspekcie zjawiska boreliozy. Jak wskazała WHO w uzasadnieniu podjęcia tematu chorób wektorowych, istotnym działaniem jest zwiększenie poziomu wiedzy i świadomości zdrowotnej ludności mieszkającej na obszarach najbardziej zagrożonych, jak również podróżujących do krajów endemicznego występowania chorobotwórczych wektorów. Dodatkowa aktywność WHO w zakresie profilaktyki chorób powodowanych przez wektory wynika z przyjęcia globalnej strategii w zakresie chorób przenoszonych przez wektory na lata 2017-2030 (GVCR 2017-2030). Na poziomie unijnym w odniesieniu do chorób przenoszonych przez wektory jest realizowany europejski program Emerging and Vector-borne Diseases (EVD) Programme. Na poziomie krajowym podstawowym aktem prawnym odnoszącym się do problematyki chorób zakaźnych jest ustawa z dnia 5 grudnia 2008 r. o zapobieganiu oraz zwalczaniu zakażeń i chorób zakaźnych u ludzi. Podstawowym podmiotem realizującym działania z zakresu profilaktyki i edukacji zdrowotnej w Polsce jest Główny Inspektorat Sanitarny. Kreowanie nowych sposobów na realizację działań profilaktycznych, obejmujących problem chorób odkleszczowych u ludzi, powinno uwzględniać szereg czynników determinujących ich skuteczność. Budowanie efektywnych strategii edukacyjnych przekłada się bowiem na skuteczność zapobiegania negatywnym skutkom zdrowotnym i społecznym.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of socio-demographic characteristics on attitudes towards prophylactic vaccination in Poland
Autorzy:
Włodarska, Alicja
Gujski, Mariusz
Pinkas, Jarosław
Raciborski, Filip
Tematy:
Polska
vaccination
vaccine
primary prevention
anti-vaccination movements
vaccination schedule
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086115.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
ObjectivesA legally regulated program of mandatory vaccinations is in place in Poland. The number of vaccination refusals increased from 3437 to 48 609 in 2010–2019. The aim of the study was to determine the association of various socio-demographic factors with the attitudes of the residents of Poland to prophylactic vaccination.Material and MethodsThe study was based on a secondary statistical analysis of a representative sample of 977 adult residents of Poland (a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study). Data was purchased from the Public Opinion Research Center.ResultsThe study group was characterized by a high level of acceptance of vaccinations. At the same time, nearly a third (31%) of the subjects agreed with the statement that vaccination is promoted mainly because this is in the interests of pharmaceutical companies, and more than a fifth (22%) of the respondents believed that vaccines for children can cause serious developmental disorders, including autism. A detailed multivariate analysis based on logistic regression revealed that being deeply religious (compared to being a non-believer) and living in a town with a population of 20 000–499 999 (compared to living in a rural area) were strongly associated with a very high acceptance of the anti-vaccination content. The opposite attitude was associated with having an average or good financial situation (compared to a poor financial situation), having completed vocational education (compared to primary education) and being ≥65 years old (as opposed to being <30 years old).ConclusionsMost socio-economic factors analyzed did not influence the respondents’ attitudes to prophylactic vaccination or showed little influence. Strong anti-vaccination beliefs were associated with being deeply religious and living in a town with a medium-size or small population.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza czynników ryzyka zachorowania na raka piersi u kobiet po mastektomii : badania wstępne
Analysis of risk factors for breast cancer in women after mastectomy : preliminary study
Autorzy:
Karczmarek-Borowska, B.
Walowska, A.
Tematy:
rak piersi
czynniki ryzyka
profilaktyka pierwotna
breast cancer
risk factors
primary prevention
Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna w Szczecinie
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135764.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Wstęp i cel: Profilaktyka pierwotna ma na celu zmniejszyć zachorowalność na raka piersi poprzez modyfikację czy eliminację niekorzystnych czynników ryzyka. Metody: 61 kobiet chorujących na raka piersi zapytano o styl ich życia przed zachorowaniem. Oceniono wpływ niektórych czynników na wystąpienie raka piersi. Wyniki: Wiek, wystąpienie nowotworu u członka rodziny (zwłaszcza więcej niż jednej osoby), siedzący tryb życia, nieodpowiednia dieta, nadwaga są czynnikami ryzyka wystąpienia nowotworu piersi. Wnioski: Zaawansowany wiek i uwarunkowania genetyczne to najczęstsze czynniki wystąpienia raka piersi. Mała aktywność fizyczna, nieodpowiednia dieta, wysoki wskaźnik BMI wpływają na wzrost zachorowalności na raka piersi. Wiek rozpoczęcia i zakończenia miesiączkowania oraz miejsce zamieszkania nie są czynnikami ryzyka wystąpienia raka piersi, ale potrzebne są dalsze badania.
Introduction and aim: Primary prevention aims to reduce the incidence of breast cancer by modifying or eliminating the negative risk factors. Material and methods: 61 breast cancer patients were questioned about their lifestyle before the illness. The influence of some factors on the occurrence of breast cancer was evaluated. Results: Age, occurrence of breast cancer in the family (especially more than one person), sedentary lifestyle, unsuitable nutrition, obesity are risk factors of the occurrence of breast cancer. Early menarche, late menopause and place of residence have no influence on the occurrence of breast cancer. Conclusion: Increasing age, genetic conditions are the prevalent risk factors of the occurrence of breast cancer. Little physical activity, bad nutrition, high BMI could increase the occurrence of breast cancer. Age, when first or last period occurred or the place of residence are irrelevant but further investigation is necessary.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 48

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