Temat: prisoners - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Duchowość osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności
The spirituality of prisoners
Autorzy:: Skowroński, Bartłomiej
Domżalska, Aneta
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Cytata wydawnicza:: Skowroński, B., & Domżalska, A. (2017). The spirituality of prisoners [Duchowość osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności]. Resocjalizacja Polska, (13), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.22432/pjsr.2017.13.07
Opis:: The authors present the results of research aimed to show the specificity of the spiritual life of persons subject to imprisonment. Their analysis confirmed that persons subject to imprisonment had a statistically significantly poorer spiritual life than the control group which was made up of persons without criminal records. Convicts make much less effort to broaden their own consciousness; they rarely seek the meaning of the surrounding reality, have substantially less spiritual experiences associated with doing good, are less sensitive to art and to external and internal beauty, which is associated with moral choices.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The Importance of Family Support in the Process of the Adjustment of Current and Former Prisoners
Autorzy:: Niewiadomska, Iwona
Fel, Stanisław
Tematy:: Families of prisoners
family support
support for prisoners
support for former prisoners
the adaptation of prisoners; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/668141.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The research presented in this paper seeks answers to two questions: What is the impact of perceived support from different actors (including family members) in a situation where problems are encountered in readapting those who have been punished by incarceration? What is the impact of perceived support from different actors (including family members) in achieving the objectives in readapting those who have been punished by incarceration? The answers to these questions are given on the basis of the results obtained by examining 296 men punished by incarceration, who on account of two criteria (location and level of adaptation), were divided into 4 groups: former prisoners with high levels of adaptation, current prisoners with high levels of adaptation, current prisoners with low levels of adaptation and former prisoners with low levels of adaptation. In the determination of the level of adaptation, in the overall result, the RISB Sentence Completion Test by J. Rotter was used, while the sources of support were studied, using the Social Support Rating Questionnaire by I. Niewiadomska.Based on these results, it may be concluded that perceived family support in overcoming problems and achieving goals – i.e. from the mother, father, siblings, fiancée/wife, relatives – does not contribute to a high level of adaptation, for those who been punished by incarceration, in both current and former prisoners. It is only low-intensely perceived help from one’s siblings and fiancée/wife’s life, which leads to a reduction of the capabilities for adaptation in people who are currently imprisoned.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Duchowość osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności
Spirituality of Prisoners
Autorzy:: Skowroński, Bartłomiej
Domżalska, Aneta
Tematy:: polscy więźniowie
duchowość więźniów
religijność więźniów
polish prisoners
spirituality of prisoners
religiousness of prisoners; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Fundacja Pedagogium
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1371416.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Autorzy prezentują wyniki badań, których celem było ukazanie specyfiki życia duchowego osób odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności. Ich analiza potwierdziła, że osoby odbywające karę pozbawienia wolności charakteryzują się statystycznie istotnie uboższym życiem duchowym, aniżeli grupa kontrolna, którą stanowiły osoby niekarane. Osoby skazane w istotnie mniejszym stopniu poszerzają własną świadomość, rzadziej poszukują sensu otaczającej rzeczywistości, czerpią istotnie mniej przeżyć duchowych z czynienia dobra, są mniej wrażliwe na sztukę oraz na piękno zewnętrzne i wewnętrzne, co związane jest z wyborami moralnymi.
Showing the specificity of the spiritual life of persons serving a penalty of imprisonment was a purpose of research. Analysis of findings confirmed that persons serving a penalty of imprisonment were characterized significantly more limited spiritual life, than the control group, consisted persons with no criminal record. And so sentenced persons in the significantly shorter rank are expanding the own awareness, more rarely seek the meaning of surrounding reality, are drawing fewer spiritual experiences indeed from doing good, are less sensitive for the art, are also less sensitive to the outside and internal beauty which are connected with moral elections.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Wykonywanie pracy przez skazanego
Performance of labour by the convicted person
Autorzy:: Bachmat, Paweł
Tematy:: ECPRD
labour
prisoners; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2206407.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: According to the author of the opinion, in the Polish criminal law system such a role is played by the penalty of restriction of liberty. In the catalogue of penalties it holds a second rank in terms of severity. The author emphasizes that the penalty of restriction of liberty may consist of performing unpaid, controlled work for social purposes. On the other hand, the penalty of restriction of liberty may consist of deducting a part of remuneration for ordinary work and transferring this amount to funding a social purpose indicated by a court.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: The Treatment of Prisoners of War in the Middle Ages: Western European Examples
Autorzy:: Niewiński, Andrzej
Tematy:: Middle Ages; War; Prisoners; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798784.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne 64 (2014), issue 2. The present article indicates some examples of the circumstances and ways of taking prisoners of war into captivity during military conflicts, the different possibilities of treating them and some measures to release them. The article includes, among others, fixed gestures and signs that were used to manifest the intention of giving oneself into the hands of one’s opponent and the ways of treating other prisoners of war. The examples cited herein, related to the captivity of kings, illustrate how different were the ways of treating prisoners of war, even of the same rank. Moreover, they show that some aspects of a politico-economic nature were superior to those indicated by the chivalric code. At the same time, the Crusades and close encounters with the Islamic world contributed to the considerable growth of sensibility to the fate of prisoners of war, which was expressed by the institutionalised (at least partially) procedure of giving freedom.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Społeczne inicjatywy na rzecz więźniów
Community Initiatives for Prisoners
Autorzy:: Porowski, Michał
Tematy:: społeczne inicjatywy
więżniowie
resocjalizacja
pomoc więźniom
community initiatives
prisoners
resocialization
assistance to prisoners; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698516.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Assistance to persons released from prison is considered an indispensable stage of the process of carrying out the penalty of imprisonment. The authors engaged in that subject agree as to the role of postpenitentiary assistance in reduction of relapse into crime and its connection with social readjustment of offenders. In my opinion, that approach is insufficient for a full justification of the actual sense of assistance rendered to persons on release from prison. Pragmatic researchers treat the slogan of helping prisoners as obvious and focus on the related legal and organizational problems. Lacking strict criteria of appraisal, the analysis of legal solutions resolves itself usually into approving comments and to attributing the indolent functioning of the assisting agencies to sluggishness of the actual care providers. The suggested conceptions of improvement of the after-care resolve themselves into improvement of the existing institutional and legal solutions and corrections of their model which remains the same all the time despite the fact that a succession of its versions have proved inefficient in practice. Taking the subject up, I adopted an entirely different approach and method of research. I assumed that all assistance can only be successful if those involved in it are genuinely motivated to that activity. Even if the norm „help the prisoners” is an element of the system of moral directives recognized in our culture, this fact alone by no means determines in advance the actual range and validity of that norm. Like all moral values, also this one is valid with different force, to a different extent and has a different range for different people. For some, it is a postulate that needs to be fulfilled which they experience as a moral obligation; for others, it is a criterion of axiological orientation. This implies the different ways of their functioning. As shown by analysis of empirical studies, the norm demanding that prisoners should be helped is not too deeply rooted in social consciousness. It has failed to win general acceptance even at the verbal level, and the readiness to fulfill it through a person’s own activity can be found but occasionally; in such cases, it is motivated situationally rather than by axi axiological experiences. The reason is probably that a moral appraisal of the object of assistance (an imprisoned offender) is transmitted to the appraisal of the duty to fulfill a norm. Instead of deciding whether help is at all necessary, we want to know if the person in need of help deserves to be helped. In so doing, we forget that all those objectively in need of help are worth being helped; we condition our decision as to rendering help upon the actualreason of a person’s helplessness, or more strictly speaking, upon the rank on the moral scale of the acts that made that person helpless. In this situation, what becomes a signicificent factor that has a beartng on the discussed norm is the perception of un offender as a dewiant of a definite type. An offender is usually perceived through a stereotype: a specific conglomerate of simplified and mainly unfounded beliefs. Yet that very stereotype functions as a standard basing on which the actual way of conduct is chosen. Therefore, I tried to define the stereotype of an impriosoned offender that functions in social consciousness and in consciousness of professionals involved in the work with prisoners. I also tried to diagnose the psychosocial mechanism that result in the formation and consolidation of that stereotype. Which social groups and individuals tend to consider the postulate of assistance to prisoners as a norm that they themselves should follow, or at least which such groups and individuals have the strongest motivation to respond to that call? Of the many hypotheses about the origin of prosocial behaviour (and of course of helping which is a form of that behaviour), let us first consider the one which states that prosocial behaviour results from the structure of ,,ego” and the parallel observation that another person at a disadvantage is similar to oneself in some respect. That similarity may concern both the bodily and spiritual structure and all the other components of one’s self-image. Thus diagnosed, the similarity releases or at least catalyzes the readiness to prosocial behaviour. Basing on this hypothesis, it should be assumed that ex-offenders, ex-convicts, or generally speaking, persons affected by imprisonment are particularly likely to recognize that norm, and further, that the motivation to help prisoners growth with a reduced distance between the offender and the cultural circles that approximate him with respect to mentality and custom. Considering this hypothesis, we come across still another dependence: the actual condemnation of an offender depends on the degree of acceptance of the normative system which that offender has infringed. The discrepancy between values protected by law and the individual or group preferences results in a change in attitudes. A person convicted by force of a disapproved law is perceived as a victim and not an enemy. The offender thus meets with fellow-felling, and the authors and executors of the disapproved law, with resentment. This dependence, cannot be limited to the subcultural negation of law that is characteristic of criminal circles. It follows from the division of the bulk of crime into mala per se and mala prohibita. After all, stigmatization takes a different, course in the case of an obvious evil vs. one that is simply considered evil by law which cites reasons that are by no means necessarily either obvious or good, or which is directed against an interest that is not perceived in accordance with the official standpoint. Prohibitions lacking the proper axiological foundation proliferate with the instrumental treatment of penal law, reduced to the role of political tool; in such situations, all public activity of any importance whatever is usually subordinated to politics. What significantly differentiates the extent to which the norms that concern helping others are perceived as valid are the emotional and social bonds (e.g. fomily ties). From the psychological viewpoint, they constitute a particularly active and natural stimulator of motivations, one that defines the actual circle of the most involve addressees of the norn. In this case, the one who helps is not only personally interested in the fates of the one who gets help, but also acts for his own good rendering that help. The social situation resulting from imprisonment of a family member gives rise to special problems in the legal, economic and social sphere. Quite obviously, the other members of that family should be allowed to participate in the solution of those problems which are also their own. We have therefore distinguished the groups that are willing, as can be expected, to adopt the norm of helping prisoners and to act accordingly. Of course, we deal here with a selective range of that norm’s validity which is subject to a double limitation: not everybody is willing to help prisoners, and that readiness does not concern all prisoners. This follows from the contents of the discussed hypothesis which after all assumes the similarity of partners in interaction as the necessary condition of emergence of motivation. The fact that a person considers a definite behaviour his/her duty may as well result from that person’s internalization of certain moral norms or ideals that can only be fulfilled through such behaviour (the love of one’s fellow man, brotherhood, general kidness). What is released here, as opposed to the hypothesis discussed above, is a general sense of duty not related to any definite person or situation but directed at all those in need of help. The group of thus motivated person includes possible addressees of the norm helping prisoners. With ages, the social practice formed a variety of forms of orginization of those who treat assistance to prisoners as a moral norm. Concerned here are initiatives based initially on the model of charity and constituting part of the general charitable activities. In the l9th century, they developed into specialized patronage societies which in turn acquired, and preserved till the present day in the world, the status of an indispensable element of the rational prison system. The Polish model of society’s participation in the execution of the sentence of imprisonment eliminated all the above-mentioned subjects from any activities whatever on behalf of prisoners. Finding this situation irrational, I tried to investigate its causes and to disclose the motives of those who had made it that way. Depending upon the object that serves as the system of reference for prosocial behaviour, that behaviour can be divided into allocentric and sociocentric. The allocentric behaviour is activity undertaken for reason of another person’s interests, i. e. aimed at securing the best possible functioning, protection, or development of that person. If, instead, the subject acts on behalf of an institutional or group, that is if the addressee of his/her action is a definite social arrangement, we deal with the sociocentric prosocial behaviour. This latter motivation was adopted in Poland as the basis for designing the institutional structures charged with the task of helping prisoners. Namely, after-care was inserted in that particular segment of criminal policy which is called in the legal language ,,participation of the community in crime prevention and control”. The term community used here expresses the principle of joint action. The whole means a specific kind of participation aimed at assisting the police, courts, and prison administration. As opposed to voluntary associations of those interested in helping prisoners and to patronage societies, such institutions are organized from without, follow the orders of State administration, base membership on the principle of delegation or nomination, are organizationally included in the system of State agencies whose activities they supplement within their imposed competences, and are fully controlled by those agencies. Thus organized, the voluntary forces are used to support the machine involved in carrying out penalties; they become advocates of the so-called social interest and executors of the official State policy. The main conclusion that follows from the present study resolves itself into a postulate for a reform which would make it possible also, and perhaps in particular, for those with the allocentric motivation to become engaged in helping prisoners.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Sytuacja zdrowotna i ochrona zdrowia więźniów w zakładach karnych
Prisoners’ Health and Health Services in Prisons
Autorzy:: Stępniak, Piotr
Tematy:: polityka penitencjarna
ochrona zdrowia
zdrowie więźniów
prisoners
prisoners' health
health services in prisons; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698541.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article discusses the problems of health service in prisons in relation to health of prisoners. It refers the results of conducted empirical studies which assumed that the ailments of the imprisoned, specific to their age, actual health service needs, expectations and needs related to health service of prisoners, are indicators of their health. A conception of prisoners’ social service by penitentiary administration without pressure on corrective influence formulated by Henryk Machel was the theoretical basis of the study. The study aimed to answer what was health of the prisoners examined, defined by their general health, needs and expectations concerning health service and to what degree they are answered by the health service in prison. The study was conducted in prisons under District Inspectorate of Prison Service in Poznań, i.e. remand institution in Poznań and prison institutions in Rawicz and in Wronki. All three institutions are of a closed type. The study was conducted between January 2011 and November 2012. It included analysis and explanation of acts of law concerning health service in prisons and questionnaires and interviews with prisoners and prison staff . 279 of them were suitable for further study. Structuralized interviews included 30 doctors and 30 prison carers. The results were analysed statistically. They show opinions of the respondents on the problem of health service in prisons. Young and middle age adults were the majority of the respondents (67,03%). There was a statistically significant relation between general health declared by the respondents and their age. The younger a prisoner was, the better his own general health declared, and vice versa p> 0,001, x2 = 23,245). The data show that half of prisoners declared that imprisonment contributed to deterioration of their health. This is in contrast with a relatively low number of diseases found by doctors after imprisonment. Among various ailments declared by prisoners, psoriasis and sleep deprivation were the most frequent ones. The most detrimental factor to health was prison stress. Its role was indicated by as much as 17 doctors (62,97% of all doctors in the study). Every fourth doctor indicated bad living and sanitary conditions in prison (25,93%). The same number concerned other factor, i.e. nicotinism among prisoners. This shows that many prisoners assume detrimental health habits in prison conditions. Results of the research show that, in practice, response to the need of health protection in penal institutions was very diverse. Health protection was a secondary issue and it was a part of various modules of prisoner treatment. They were characterized by various intensity of health service. It was established that the modules were as follows: control and security (63,36% indications in general). In practice, in penal institutions included in the study, this module occurred in two forms: social and health (providing security and order, prisoners’ control under prison rules, social service and above-standard health care), social (providing security and order, prisoners’ control under prison rules, social service and standard health care), security and rehabilitation (66,67% indications, providing security and order, providing a minimum level of social service and basic health care, rehabilitation). Only the first of the above forms allows to fit the problem of health care fully into penitentiary actions. The study allows for a conclusion that, in the face of the crisis of penitentiary rehabilitation, the role of health care of prisoners will increase – as a consequence of “non-rehabilitationˮ modules of prisoner treatment being more and more frequent. Health care, along with ensuring suitable living conditions and social service, may thus become a part of good penitentiary practice. Health care, and to be exact, medical cal care and medical services for the imprisoned must fit their actual needs. In general, the research has shown that the objective health condition of the imprisoned included in the study is better than their declarations. However, their health varied from a person to another, most of all related to age. The greatest health needs were declared by seniors and their expectations concerning health care and medical assistance ensured by the prison were greatest too. A practical model of prisoners' medical treatment must take this into account. I was established that penitentiary practice employs, most often, modules with basic medical treatment. This is due to the relatively modest prison infrastructure but also to limited budget. Thus, a security - control - pro-health treatment module seems to be a good penitentiary practice. It includes ensuring security to the prison and the imprisoned, order maintenance, above standard health care and social care according to European Prison Rules. Thus, a good practice must be of an eclectic character. Health care and health protection have an important place in such practice. From this point of view, the research shows a diversified picture of penitentiary reality. On the whole, it is relatively positive.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Prospołeczność osób pozbawionych wolności
Prosociality of people deprived of freedom
Autorzy:: Szymanowski, Arkadiusz
Tematy:: prosociality
prisoners
criminal subculture; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540752.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The purpose of the article was examining moral values of the prisoners. Prosociality was adopted as the conception of the moral order. It consists of three aspects: individual morality (personal norms), interpersonal morality (the motives of moral behaviour) and civil behaviour. The examination was carried out in the group of one hundred men imprisoned in Correctional Institution in Płock. The analysis of the examination results shows the differences of the moral values in the group of the convicts. The expectations expressed in the investigational hypotheses, that the level of the implementation of moral values is influenced by faith and religious observances, criminal record and the attitude to the rules of the criminal subculture, were partially confirmed. Having carried out the examinations, the assumption that the prisoners are rotten so turning down all or most moral values and norms is baseless. Among the convicts there are, of course, persons with high level of demoralization, the active representatives of the criminal subculture and antisocially disordered. However, it is not pertinent to scrutinize the whole population of the convicts.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Programy postępowania z więźniami jako podstawa resocjalizacji oraz przestrzegania ich praw
Treatment Programs as a Platform for Social Rehabilitation and Respecting the Rights of Prisoners
Autorzy:: Juzl, Miloslav
Tematy:: treatment programs
prisoner
social rehabilitation
rights of prisoners
duties of prisoners
prison sentence; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/644788.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of this article is to introduce and explain the core of social rehabilitation of prisoners which lies in creation and e ect of treatment as a necessary prerequisite for their successful return to civic society and as the main factor of permanent humanization of our prison system in the context of respecting the rights and duties of prisoners.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Negative transgression in the context of empathy and anxiety in prisoners: A perpetrators of violence
Autorzy:: Ślaski, Sławomir
Tematy:: empathy
anxiety
negative transgression
prisoners; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2130034.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Background: The concept of negative transgression describes behavior as crossing personal limits in destruction against oneself or other people. Theoretically, personality dimensions have been distinguished that may trigger or weaken negative transgression, e.g. empathy and anxiety. Aims: The goal of this study was to empirically verify the relationship between negative transgression and empathy and fear in the perpetrators of violence against close relatives. Our hypothesis was that negative transgression would be associated with poor empathy, but with a high level of anxiety. Methods: The examined persons from the group of male prisoners (N = 50) were recruited in one of the prisons in Poland. The participants were convicted of domestic violence – or intimate partner violence. Their age ranged from 21 to 50 years. Results: The results obtained confirm the hypotheses established, showing that prisoners have an increased level of negative transgression and anxiety, and a decreased level of empathy. Conclusions: This first study shows that more research is needed on negative transgression with different personality dimensions. Also in the process of reclamation of prisoners, it is worth developing empathy and dealing with anxiety. Then the number of negative behaviors in close relationships will decrease.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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