Temat: public aid - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Pomoc publiczna na szkolenia pracowników a konkurencyjność gospodarki Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:: Podsiadło, Piotr
Tematy:: Public aid, Training, Economy competitiveness; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629835.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper discusses guidelines for implementation of art. 107-109 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, from the point of view of state aid for training. Training usually generates positive externalities for society as a whole, since it increases the pool of skilled workers from which other firms may draw, improves the competitiveness of the EU industry and plays an important role in the EU employment strategy. Statistical analysis was carried out on state aid granted by the EU Member States in the period 2001-2014 - from the perspective of its impact on competitiveness of these countries. This should lead to verification of thesis that the amount of state aid granted by the EU Member States for training, should positively correlate with the size of the GDP per capita of these countries
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Kontrolowana liberalizacja versus niechęć do konkurencji na przykładzie rynku usług użyteczności publicznej w Unii Europejskiej
Controlled liberalization versus vested interests. The case of the eu market for general service
Autorzy:: Ząbkowicz, Anna
Ząbkowicz, Jerzy
Tematy:: public aid
universal services
rent seeking; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434625.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper deals with entry barriers induced by public aid and actual monopoly in a given market segment. The EU law on competition constitutes the subject, being seen, however, from economic perspective, which is the method of law and economics. The focus are universal services which seem to be extremely vulnerable to the monopolization of public procurement and to unfair state aid, and to rent seeking as well. The overview of legal foundations reveals the EU regulations are too soft to bring a solution to these problems. Additionally, the soft stance of EU institutions by no means makes the situation sounder. As far as universal services are concerned, the member states are free to choose agents, with constraints imposed by the EU being of definitely general nature and the rationale for this saying that these services need to be delivered even on non-profit basis if necessary. Here, we see the EU aiming at two trade-offs that is liberalization on the one hand and mission of the efficiently performed universal service on the other hand. On the EU level common rules of providing universal services are made which are to be implemented on the national level. According to the European Commission, such “division of labour” allows an action which is suitable to peculiarities of every member state. In practice, such elasticity provokes national public bodies to moral hazard. This constitutes an actual challenge for common policies in the sake of gradual and controlled liberalization. There is a prolonged conflict between member states and the EU institutions concerning the issue in which direction rules in this field should be developed. The market segment under scrutiny, precisely market for universal services, reveals how controversial role in single-European-market building may be played by big companies. Most member states are prone to prefer agents vested in their countries. This peculiar alliance is supported with administrative devices that make the preferred group relatively narrow. Thus the state conserves actual monopoly and encourages rent seeking, and demonstrates its own weakness in promoting competitive order. Under such circumstances, by contrast to the EU endeavors to promote and to control economic liberalization in the member states, both the payer (public institution) and the provider (economic agent) may present an open aversion to competition. Obviously, this status quo is in contradiction to a general trend in the EU to guarantee equal access to public procurement, also in transnational dimension. Other conflicts arise on the ground that countries differ concerning a bare need for liberalization of universal services or with respect to advancement of the reforms. In some countries liberalization is advanced which means relatively open and equal access to public procurement, including foreign agents. Other countries discriminate agents, both foreign and non-privileged home operators.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Zombies or Still Alive. Who Took Advantage of COVID-19 State Aid?
Autorzy:: Wiśniewski, Tomasz
Adamczyk, Adam
Franek, Sławomir
Tematy:: public aid
COVID-19
financial performance; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168374.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Theoretical background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused violent reactions from the governments of almost all countries in the world. The attempt to contain a pandemic by restricting the mobility of society has had a huge impact on people and some businesses. As a result of COVID-19 restrictions, it became necessary to introduce special state aid programs for those businesses that were most affected by these restrictions. This was also the case in Poland. We based our analysis on welfare economics (Harberger, 1971), in which government support for enterprises is legitimized when their situation would have been worse without these interventions.Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to assess the impact of public aid granted to large companies in Poland on their financial condition. The research problem is to answer the question whether the companies that received the aid needed it. In assessing the appropriateness of aid, liquidity, debt level and profitability indices were used, which directly resulted from the objectives of COVID-19 aid granted in Poland. The added value of the study is combining the analysis of data from financial statements with information on state aid published by the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK).Research methods: The research sample consisted of 1,201 large Polish enterprises from the non-financial sector. The study used non-parametric statistical tests and quartile analysis.Main findings: The results show that the aid went to entities that were already in a worse financial situation before the pandemic. At the same time, it was demonstrated that the aid did not distort the market mechanism, i.e. it neither excessively improved the situation of supported entities nor significantly worsened the situation of entities that did not benefit from the aid.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: State Aid for SMEs During the Pandemic in Poland
Autorzy:: Kluzek, Marta
Tematy:: coronavirus
pandemic
public aid
support instruments; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176719.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Theoretical background: The global SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic is affecting everyone, either directly or indirectly. To mitigate the negative economic outcome of the restrictions introduced in order to limit the spread of the virus, the majority of countries have introduced a number of solutions enabling enterprises to survive and maintain employment. Poland has also implemented a whole range of instruments aimed at supporting enterprises and people who have lost their livelihood.Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to review selected support instruments for enterprises from the SME group and to determine the degree of their use. Research was carried out to verify the hypothesis that these instruments played a significant role in the survival of enterprises, however, their lump sum nature meant that the aid was not adequate to the needs at a micro-economic level.Research methods: Six instruments were subjected to evaluation, i.e. the standstill benefit, exemption from the Social Insurance Institution fees, low-interest loans from the Labour Fund for micro-enterprises, partial financing of business and partial financing of salary costs, as well as a financial subsidy used by 157 SMEs up to November 30, 2020. During the first step, an analysis was conducted regarding the number of instruments that were used by enterprises, in particular, subgroups. In the second step, using a correlation analysis, the amount of aid obtained in 2020 from 6 analyzed instruments under the shields launched in the first half of the year, used by entrepreneurs by the end of 2020, was compared with the revenues and pre-tax results of enterprises from a given sample.Main findings: State aid was necessary to maintain jobs and satisfactory financial conditions of companies. However, the aid introduced in the first months of the pandemic did not match the real needs of enterprises. The conditions of availability regarding individual instruments made it possible to use them by entities that did not, in reality, require state aid. Nonetheless, from the fall of 2020 (during subsequent waves of the pandemic), the aid was targeted at specific industries, and its use required more stringent conditions to be met.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Mikrofinanse nowym wyzwaniem Unii Europejskiej (aspekt humanistyczny)
Microfinance – a New Challenge in the European Union (a Humanistic Aspect)
Autorzy:: Mikołajczyk, Bożena
Tematy:: microloan
insurance guaranty funds
public aid; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20197024.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Microfinance is intended to combat the phenomenon of social and financial exclusion. We hope that the supportive political environment in the EU will meaningfully contribute to the betterment of this situation in Europe. The paper draws attention to the banking and non-banking institutions granting microloans which constitute the key element facilitating the creation and continued operation of firms. It is very important that microfinance is viewed as a weapon in the fight against poverty and inaccessibility of financial services.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Regional investment aid under regional operational plans for 2014-2020
Autorzy:: Odachowski, Jarosław
Tematy:: EU funds
programming period 2014-2020
regional operational programs
projects
public aid
public aid schemes
regional investment aid
incentive effect; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14431109.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Aim: The implementation of numerous EU projects in the period 2014-2020 is bound to require that they are compliant with EU law, domestic law, relevant guidelines, programming documents, and the content of an agreement on co-financing a project. It is in this context that the issue of public aid should be examined. On the grounds that some EU projects are subject to the regime mentioned, what becomes vital is to comply with all binding regulations in this respect. It is in this delineated form that the legal form of regional investment aid should be considered. The aim of this paper is to examine individual material elements of which the legal construction mentioned above is composed – while taking into account existing legislation. Research methods: The method that was adopted involves an analysis of the sources of law, case-law and literature. Conclusions: (1) The problem of regional investment aid should be considered in terms of the Treaty definition of public aid. At the same time, one has to take into account the legal regime set by the TFEU on state aid. As a rule, this aid is prohibited; still, the EU legislator allows for a number of exemptions. (2) This, in turn, means that it is necessary to develop, by issuing other normative acts (but also soft-law regulations), the Treaty provisions which allow for providing legally benefits covered by state aid. (3) The legal form at issue here should be considered in the context of the need to ensure that beneficiaries will be implementing projects in accordance with the rules of EU law, domestic law, relevant guidelines, programming documents and the content of an agreement on co-financing a project. Value of the paper: The set of issues examined is the subject addressed by case-law and literature. The value of the paper is that it systematizes all the elements discussed. The paper is addressed to the beneficiaries of EU projects, institutions participating in the system for managing and controlling EU resources and to administrative courts.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Public Aid and Entrepreneurship During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the European Union Countries
Autorzy:: Jabłońska, Małgorzata
Stawska, Joanna
Dziuba, Radosław
Tekce, Mahmut
Krasoń, Marta
Tematy:: Covid-19
pandemic
public aid
SME
entrepreneurship
economy; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1878743.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the article: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic made it necessary to involve the state in the process of rescuing numerous business entities from bankruptcy. In the European Union, the aid measure for entrepreneurs takes a form of public aid, which, as it turns out, is the necessary and the only tool to protect SME sector enterprises against bankruptcy. Social isolation caused by the virus that spread on a large scale effectively inhibited the development of entrepreneurship, which is inherently related to the economic development of countries. The aim of the article is therefore to indicate that supporting entrepreneurs within the framework of public aid may help to reverse the unfavorable economic trends related to the disturbed development of entrepreneurship. Methodology: The article analyzes and assesses the government solutions introduced to the Polish economic reality, the purpose of which is to counteract the effects of Covid-19. The paper presents the current public aid tools available to entrepreneurs along with their financial dimension. Results of the research: State aid granted by the state to entrepreneurs during the crisis caused by Covid-19 is indispensable for their further functioning. The paper presents aid instruments related to COVID-19 that are available to entrepreneurs. The analysis shows that public aid addressed to entrepreneurs injured as a result of the lockdown comes from many sources and is almost tailored to the individual entrepreneur. The entities providing aid on the basis of state aid include: banks, local government units, executive bodies of local government units, Social Insurance Fund, State Fund for Rehabilitation of Disabled People, financial intermediaries, bodies constituting local government units, the European Investment Bank, Polish Development Fund, district and voivodeship labor offices and BGK (Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego). Having prepared a package of systemic solutions, the government introduced them systematically, depending on the situation of individual sectors of the economy. Special solutions in the form of financial shields were addressed directly to the tourism sector (e.g. loans for tour operators) or the catering sector, which in the face of the pandemic were most exposed to a decrease in revenues. The impact of introduced solutions on the country’s economy can be assessed only in the next few years, but the multitude and diversified nature of the anti-crisis solutions introduced in Poland will certainly contribute to slowing down the negative consequences of Covid-19 in the economy.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Anti-crisis financial assistance as an element of financial system stability
Autorzy:: Alińska, Agnieszka
Woźniak, Barbara
Tematy:: financial system
public aid
financial support
banking sector; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128112.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Goal – The authors undertake to assess the scale and form of anti-crisis state assistance in the context of restoring the stability of the financial system in the EU. Such assistance is a form of intervention undertaken independently by EU Member States under the conditions of admissibility applicable in the EU. The applied instruments include: state aid (discussed in detail in this paper) and financial assistance on general terms applied in the form of unconventional instruments. The authors attempt to answer two basic questions: Was anti-crisis assistance necessary in the EU in order to maintain the stability of the financial system? What are the long-term consequences of implementing such measures at the EU level and in individual EU Member States? Research methodology – The study uses the method of analysis of partial phenomena and identification of causal changes occurring in the financial system. On this basis, theoretical inference is carried out allowing to determine whether the anti-crisis measures used by EU financial policy have brought tangible results for the financial system and the real economy. In order to formulate final conclusions, available statistical data and the results of research conducted on an international level are analyzed. Next, the current value of financial aid is estimated and the adopted assumptions and efficiency of the implemented instruments of state financial policy are analyzed and assessed. Score – In view of the objective and scope of the conducted research, it is expected that the obtained results will allow the authors to identify the scale of public aid and the assistance provided in the form of unconventional financial policy instruments implemented during the global financial crisis. This approach will make it possible to perform an appraisal of the use of selected mechanisms for stabilizing the financial system. The conducted research should enable the authors to assess the impact of anti-crisis aid on the state of public finances and the stability of the market financial system.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Regional investment aid in Poland and Czechia
Autorzy:: Wróblewska, Dominika
Tematy:: public aid
investment incentives
tax relief
Polska
Czechia; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129144.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The European Commission aims to ensure the transparency of aid granted by individual member states, and the simplest and most transparent instrument of support, next to grants, are tax relief. In both Czechia and Poland, investment incentives for new investments include regional aid in the form of tax relief in income tax – this includes income tax exemptions in Poland, and income tax relief in Czechia, as well as property tax exemptions in both countries. The purpose of this article is to compare the scope and conditions for receiving regional investment aid by entrepreneurs in these countries.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Significance of the Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone “Invest Park” for development of the Wałbrzych agglomeration
Znaczenie Wałbrzyskiej Specjalnej Strefy Ekonomicznej „Invest Park” w rozwoju aglomeracji wałbrzyskiej
Autorzy:: Mroczek-Czetwertynska, A.
Detyna, B.
Tematy:: special economic zone
regional development
economic development
public aid; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2051481.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Subject and purpose of work: The main goal of the article is to prove the impact of the Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone (WSSE) "Invest Park" on the development of the Wałbrzych Agglomeration region. Materials and methods: The research carried out in 2017-2018 involved three groups of respondents: Wałbrzych Agglomeration residents, entrepreneurs and local government authorities. The study was supplemented with the information from WSSE "Invest Park". Results: For all three groups of respondents, WSSE "Invest Park" plays an important role in the development of the Wałbrzych Agglomeration. Its creation had the greatest impact on reducing the unemployment rate and also on improving the infrastructure. It is also important that WSSE top many rankings, gaining the first position as one of the best investment areas. Conclusions: Establishing the WSSE in the area of the Wałbrzych Agglomeration has had a significant impact on the development of the region. This development is visible in the activities undertaken in the zone, attracting investors and creating new investment areas.
Przedmiot i cel pracy: Głównym celem artykułu jest wykazanie jaki wpływ na rozwój regionu Aglomeracji Wałbrzyskiej ma Wałbrzyska Specjalna Strefa Ekonomiczna (WSSE) „Invest Park”. Materiały i metody: Realizacja celu wymagała odniesienia do badań własnych przeprowadzonych w latach 2017 - 2018 na 3 grupach respondentów – mieszkańców Aglomeracji Wałbrzyskiej, przedsiębiorców oraz władz samorządowych. Badanie uzupełniono materiałami informacyjnymi Wałbrzyskiej Specjalnej Strefy Ekonomicznej „Invest Park”. Wyniki: W wyniku badań autorki podkreśliły zbieżność opinii trzech grup respondentów. Dla wszystkich badanych Wałbrzyska Specjalna Strefa Ekonomiczna „Invest Park” odgrywa ważną rolę w rozwoju obszaru Aglomeracji Wałbrzyskiej. Jej utworzenie miało największy wpływ na zmniejszenie zjawiska bezrobocia w regionie a także na polepszenie infrastruktury liniowej i punktowej obszaru. Znaczenia nabiera również fakt, że WSSE wygrywa wiele rankingów, plasujących ją jako jeden z najlepszych obszarów inwestycyjnych w Polsce. Wnioski: W kontekście obranego celu pracy, w opinii autorek utworzenie Specjalnej Strefy Ekonomicznej na obszarze Aglomeracji Wałbrzyskiej miało istotny wpływ na rozwój regionu. Jednocześnie rozwój ten jest ciągle widoczny w podejmowanych w strefie działaniach, pozyskiwaniu nowych inwestorów i tworzeniu nowych obszarów inwestycyjnych.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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