Temat: reward - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: System kar i nagród stosowany w rodzinach zastępczych (na przykładzie powiatu bialskiego)
Autorzy:: Marzena, Ruszkowska,
Tematy:: foster family
reward
punishment; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/892148.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Foster family is one of the most beneficial forms of support for family in crisis. It should provide the same or a very similar care environment as the natural family. The functioning of the foster family is based on the use of a variety of educational methods, among which an important place is occupied by the system of rewards and punishments. Research carried out in the Biała Podlaska region in 95 foster families living in urban and rural areas showed that among rewards used in the foster environment there are: cash rewards, gifts, compliments, friendly gestures from caregivers, and others. Punishments used are pedagogical ones such as explanation, interpretation, and not pedagogical ones such as shouting, warning, prohibitions, bans on leaving the room or the house, picking up material things. The most common rewards are compliments, whereas the most common punishment is a warning.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Rewards and punishments used by mothers in family education of children
Nagrody i kary stosowane przez matki w rodzinnym wychowaniu dzieci
Autorzy:: Mróz, Weronika
Opis:: Celem niniejszej pracy jest ukazanie sposobu nagradzania i karania dzieci przez matki w wychowaniu rodzinnym, szczególnie zaś zależności pomiędzy ilością i rodzajem nagród i kar stosowanych przez matki a płcią, liczebnością dzieci w rodzinie oraz statusem społeczno-ekonomicznym rodziny. Rozeznanie w kwestii sposobu nagradzania i karania stanowi ważny element wiedzy pedagogicznej pomocny w wychowaniu rodzinnym oraz codziennej praktyce dydaktyczno – wychowawczej w szkole. W celu uzyskania odpowiedzi na pytania zawarte w głównym problemie badawczym i problemach szczegółowych, wykorzystana została metoda sondażu diagnostycznego. Użytą techniką były badania ankietowe, którymi objęto uczniów III klas szkoły podstawowej oraz ich matki. Narzędziem zastosowanym podczas badań był zmodyfikowany do własnych potrzeb kwestionariusz ankiety D. Sikory. Wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić występowanie wyraźnych tendencji w sposobie nagradzania i karania dzieci przez matki. Wyłania się z nich również obraz matki jako osoby wywierającej największy wpływ na wychowanie dziecka poprzez stosowanie różnego rodzaju środków wychowawczych. W porównaniu z wynikami badań przeprowadzonych wcześniej przez innych badaczy, wyniki badań własnych potwierdzają pozytywną zmianę podejścia matek do stosowania kar, polegającą na zwiększeniu przewagi nagród nad karami w ogólnym bilansie stosowania tych środków wychowawczych.
The purpose of this paper is to present the reward and punishment systems used by mothers in upbringing their children. The study was mainly focused on the relationship between the quantity and type of rewards / punishments used and the sex, number of children and socio - economic status of the family. An insight on the reward and punishment method is an important element of pedagogical knowledge helping in raising a family and in the everyday practice of teaching - education at school.In order to answer the questions contained in the main research problem and in specific research problems the method of diagnostic survey was used. The technique used was a questionnaire survey, which was conducted among third class pupils of a primary school and their mothers. The tool employed during the research was a modified from of the D. Sikora questionnaire.The obtained results allow for a conclusion that there is a clear pattern in the way children are rewarded and punished by their mothers. They paint a picture of the mother as a person exerting the greatest influence on raising a child through the use of various educational measures. In comparison to the results of earlier studies by other researches, results obtained in this specific research have confirmed a positive change in mothers` attitude toward the application of penalties. In practice it means that in the overall balance there is an increase of rewards over punishments.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Non-invasive stimulation reveals ventromedial prefrontal cortex function in reward prediction and reward processing
Autorzy:: Bölte, Jens
Rehbein, Maimu Alissa
Wyczesany, Mirosław
Roesmann, Kati
Wessing, Ida
Ziehfreund, Lena
Winker, Constantin
Reschke, Anna
Junghöfer, Markus
Thomas, Kroker
Opis:: Introduction: Studies suggest an involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in reward prediction and processing, with reward-based learning relying on neural activity in response to unpredicted rewards or non-rewards (reward prediction error, RPE). Here, we investigated the causal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction, processing, and RPE signaling by transiently modulating vmPFC excitability using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Methods: Participants received excitatory or inhibitory tDCS of the vmPFC before completing a gambling task, in which cues signaled varying reward probabilities and symbols provided feedback on monetary gain or loss. We collected selfreported and evaluative data on reward prediction and processing. In addition, cue-locked and feedback-locked neural activity via magnetoencephalography (MEG) and pupil diameter using eye-tracking were recorded. Results: Regarding reward prediction (cue-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased prefrontal activation preceding loss predictions, increased pupil dilations, and tentatively more optimistic reward predictions. Regarding reward processing (feedback-locked analysis), vmPFC excitation (versus inhibition) resulted in increased pleasantness, increased vmPFC activation, especially for unpredicted gains (i.e., gain RPEs), decreased perseveration in choice behavior after negative feedback, and increased pupil dilations. Discussion: Our results support the pivotal role of the vmPFC in reward prediction and processing. Furthermore, they suggest that transient vmPFC excitation via tDCS induces a positive bias into the reward system that leads to enhanced anticipation and appraisal of positive outcomes and improves reward-based learning, as indicated by greater behavioral flexibility after losses and unpredicted outcomes, which can be seen as an improved reaction to the received feedback.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: "Rola ośrodkowego układu nerwowego w patogenezie otyłości"
The role of the central nervous system in the pathogenesis of obesity
Autorzy:: Szpigiel, Joanna
Opis:: W dzisiejszych czasach otyłość jest jednym z największych problemów zdrowotnych, z jakimi boryka się ludzkość. Choć sama otyłość uznana została za chorobę przewlekłą, stanowi ona przyczynę wielu innych schorzeń zdrowotnych. Geneza otyłości jest bardzo złożona i przyczynia się do niej szereg zróżnicowanych czynników, takich jak sposób odżywiania się i aktywność fizyczna oraz zmiany strukturalne i funkcjonalne w obrębie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, a także predyspozycje genetyczne.W niniejszej pracy skupiono się na zmianach anatomicznych oraz funkcjonalnych mózgu, mogących przyczyniać się do wystąpienia otyłości, towarzyszących tej chorobie zaburzeniach w przekaźnictwie poszczególnych neurotransmiterów oraz rozregulowaniu funkcjonowania układu nagrody. Na koniec przedstawione zostały stosowane obecnie sposoby leczenia otyłości oraz postulowane terapie.
Nowadays, obesity seems to be one of the most serious medical problems that is linked to disturbance in human health. Being a chronic disease itself, obesity can also cause a huge spectrum of other illnesses. Etiology of obesity appears to be very complex as it involves many various factors such as nourishment, physical activity, structural and functional changes within the central nervous system as well as genetic predispositions. In this dissertation, the main focus was concentrated on anatomical and functional changes within the brain, leading to the cause of obesity, as well as disturbances in transmission of particular neurotransmitters accompanying obesity as well as dysregulation of the reward system. The last part of the thesis covers present therapies of obesity and these being in development.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Delayed discounting of pain with and without monetary reward
Autorzy:: Kicman, Paweł
Bąbel, Przemysław
Tematy:: discounting
pain
punishment
reinforcement
reward; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128122.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: We investigated the effect of monetary rewards on the rate of pain discounting. Our aim, also, was to understand the effect of previous painful dental experiences on the rate of discounting pain. Two groups (N = 148) completed a discounting task. In the first group, delayed pain was weaker than immediate pain, and in the second group delayed pain was stronger than immediate pain. Two conditions were studied: pain was either accompanied by a monetary reward or not. We found that people preferred immediate pain when it was weaker than delayed pain; however, when delayed pain was stronger than immediate pain, there was no clear preference. In both groups the preference for immediate pain was higher when pain was accompanied by a monetary reward. Previous painful experiences were not related to the rate of discounting. It was concluded that the preference for delayed pain depends on the intensity of pain, and it can be modified by rewards that accompany pain.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Delayed discounting of pain with and without monetary reward
Autorzy:: Kicman, Paweł
Bąbel, Przemysław
Opis:: We investigated the effect of monetary rewards on the rate of pain discounting. Our aim, also, was to understand the effect of previous painful dental experiences on the rate of discounting pain. Two groups (N = 148) completed a discounting task. In the first group, delayed pain was weaker than immediate pain, and in the second group delayed pain was stronger than immediate pain. Two conditions were studied: pain was either accompanied by a monetary reward or not. We found that people preferred immediate pain when it was weaker than delayed pain; however, when delayed pain was stronger than immediate pain, there was no clear preference. In both groups the preference for immediate pain was higher when pain was accompanied by a monetary reward. Previous painful experiences were not related to the rate of discounting. It was concluded that the preference for delayed pain depends on the intensity of pain, and it can be modified by rewards that accompany pain.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: SALARY SURVEYS AS A REMUNERATION MANAGEMENT TOOL (Raporty placowe jako narzedzie zarzadzania wynagrodzeniami)
Autorzy:: Sedlak, Kazimierz
Tematy:: REMUNERATION MANAGEMENT
REWARD MANAGEMENT
SALARY SURVEY; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/599166.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Salary surveys are among the most reliable sources of information about salary rates. This article presents the characteristics of a good salary survey. Using reliable and representative data, a company can create an effective salary system. It is then that a salary survey is not just another expense, but starts to fill its role and helps optimize a company's fixed costs.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: The Concept of Judgment according to Rev 11:15–18a
Autorzy:: Siemieniec, Tomasz Marcin
Tematy:: book of revelation
judgment
reward
punishment; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178852.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The presented paper analyzes the text of Rev 11:15–18. The analysis showed that the divine judgment depicted in the discussed text has two dimensions. First, it is the reward for the faithful which is defined as “giving reward” (dounai ton misthon). This reward is being given to the faithful (designed as douloi, phoboumenoi to onoma, prophetai, hagioi). The other aspect of the judgment is a negative one. The act of punishment is expressed by the verbs krino and diaphtheiro. The people being judged and punished are defined as nekroi and diaphtheriontes ten gen. The term nekroi, in the author’s opinion, is to be understood in a spiritual meaning. The sentence pronounced on the culprits is a typical example of retributive justice. Because the term nekroi is to be understood spiritually (i.e., the matter is “the spiritually dead”) one cannot see in Rev 11:15–18 a direct announcement of the last judgment. The analysis of the following context shows that the beginning of the last judgment is performed by means of events depicted in Rev 12. The main criterion of affiliation regarding one of the two groups (the rewarded or the punished) is the attitude towards the Messiah presented in Rev 12:5. It does not mean that there is no relationship between the judgment having been already executed and the last judgment. The verdict pronounced by the last one will be a logical consequence of what takes place now.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Relevance and uncertainty jointly influence reward anticipation at the level of the SPN ERP component
Autorzy:: Pourtois, Gilles
Walentowska, Wioleta
Severo, Mario Carlo
Paul, Katharina
Moors, Agnes
Opis:: The stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) component reflects the anticipatory phase of reward processing. Its amplitude is usually larger for informative compared to uninformative upcoming stimuli, as well as for uncertain relative to predictable ones. In this study, we sought to assess whether these two effects, when combined together, produced a synergistic effect or rather independent ones on the SPN during performance monitoring. Participants performed a speeded Go/NoGo task while 64-channel EEG was recorded concurrently. We focused on the SPN activity generated in anticipation of feedback, which was either positive (for correct and fast reactions) or negative (for correct but slow responses). Further, the feedback's informativeness about the satisfaction status of goals was alternated across blocks. When uncertainty about the action outcome was low (in conditions where positive feedback was either less or more frequent than negative feedback), the SPN amplitude (measured at fronto-central electrodes) did not vary as a function of feedback's relevance or valence. By comparison, when positive and negative feedback were equiprobable (uncertainty was high), the SPN was more pronounced for relevant compared to irrelevant feedback. Interestingly, in this condition, it was also larger at right fronto-central sites for positive than negative feedback. These ERP results suggest that both factors-relevance and uncertainty- combine and influence reward anticipation at the SPN level.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Eschatologiczna nagroda w pismach Tertuliana
Eschatological reward in the writings of Tertullian
Autorzy:: Wysocki, Marcin
Tematy:: eschatologiczna nagroda
Tertulian
eschatological reward
Tertullian; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/612561.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Tertullian (ca. 155-225) very often is described as a rigorist, who is burning with vengeance. Although for him the coming end is above all a time of reckoning., in his writings, as „the theologian of the hope” - as Erie Osborn has called him - a lot of thoughts about future reward can be found. In this paper the Tertullian’s teaching about eschatological reward is presented. Among his ideas of the future life the idea of resurrection of the body is found as the most important. And as the result of it Tertullian amplifies his teaching about heaven, as the being with God and Christ, as the banquet in the Kingdom of God. According to Tertullian it will be one reward - eternal life - but in different characters. The special place in his system of eschatological reward is granted to martyrs.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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