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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Concentration of different forms of phosphorus in soils affected by the little auk (Alle alle) and their relationship with tundra vegetation in Spitsbergen (Svalbard, High Arctic)
    Autorzy:
    Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, Katarzyna
    Stempniewicz, Lech
    Stolarczyk, Mateusz
    Zwolicki, Adrian
    Szymański, Wojciech
    Opis:
    The purpose of the present study was to determine the link between planktivorous little auks (Alle alle) and their soil fertilization, the concentration of total, and different forms of phosphorus in the surface layer of the High Arctic soils and the vascular plant composition of the tundra vegetation. Samples of the surface soil layer (0–10 cm) were collected along three pairs of transects (affected and unaffected by little auks) at different locations in Spitsbergen (Svalbard). The surface layer of soils affected by little auks was characterized by a significantly higher mean concentration of Ptot (1.02–1.44 g $kg{−1}$) compared to those not affected by seabirds (0.58–0.77 g $kg{−1}$). The mean concentration of different forms of P was also generally higher in soils affected by seabirds (i.e., labile P: 0.13–0.34 g $kg{−1}$, moderately labile P: 0.31–0.90 g $kg{−1}$, stable P: 0.27–0.39 g $kg{−1}$) than in unaffected soils (labile P: 0.04–0.18 g $kg{−1}$, moderately labile P: 0.30–0.37 g $kg{−1}$, stable P: 0.12–0.24 g $kg{−1}$); however, the differences were not always significant, most likely due to the high heterogeneity of specific environmental conditions at the local scale such as soil type, soil chemical composition, and vegetation type. Vascular plant cover was significantly and positively related to the concentration of the P forms studied in the soil. The phosphorus gradient significantly altered the composition of the vascular plants and explained 58.4% of its variation. Little auks are an important source of soil phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems in the High Arctic that significantly affect the cover and composition of vascular plants.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of planktivorous little auks (Alle alle) on soil organic matter in Spitsbergen, High Arctic
    Autorzy:
    Zwolicki, Adrian
    Stempniewicz, Lech
    Szymański, Wojciech
    Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, Katarzyna
    Opis:
    Seabirds constitute an important link between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, one of its manifestations being the transport of organic matter from the sea to breeding grounds. The main aim of our study was to determine the impact of gregarious and planktivorous little auks on the quantity and chemistry of soil organic matter along the western coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago. Samples from the vicinity of four breeding colonies and respective controls were investigated using the elemental analyzers as well as the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with attenuated total reflection module. The results clearly indicate that soils affected by little auks are characterized by significantly higher content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, water-extractable organic carbon, and water-extractable total nitrogen in comparison with those unaffected by the birds. The size of the local population of little auks appears to be the crucial factor here. The chemistry of soil organic matter in soils affected by little auks is significantly different from that in soils unaffected by the birds. This is associated with fertilization of soils via guano deposition as well as differences in the quantity and quality of vegetation cover related to aforementioned process.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Above-cliff tundra reveals hidden seabird footprint : evidence from Bjørnøya (Svalbard)
    Autorzy:
    Lepoint, Gilles
    Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, Katarzyna
    Zwolicki, Adrian
    Słomkowski, Szymon
    Szymański, Wojciech
    Opis:
    Bjørnøya (Bear Island) hosts one of the largest seabird colonies in the Barents Sea, with high breeding densities on steep cliffs. While most guano-derived nutrients return to the ocean, a fraction is transported inland by wind, fertilizing tundra above the colonies. We investigated how these seabird nutrient subsidies influence tundra by analysing soil properties, $δ^{15}N$ in soil and plant tissues, vegetation composition, and plant cover along six transects spanning SEABIRD (above-colony) and REFERENCE tundra. PERMANOVA confirmed strong effects of seabird presence on soil chemistry, vegetation composition, and $δ^{15}N$. SEABIRD soils were more acidic and had elevated $NH{_{4}}^{+}$, $NO{_{3}}^{-}$, $PO{_{3}}^{-}$, $K^{+}$, total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), organic carbon (TOC), Na, and moisture. Soil $δ^{15}N$ was markedly elevated in SEABIRD plots and closely tracked vegetation change. LINKTREE identified a $NO{_{3}}^{-}$ threshold of 354 mg $kg^{−}1$, showing that higher $NO{_{3}}^{-}$ in SEABIRD plots sharply separated them from REFERENCE plots and defined the main differences in plant composition between the two groups. A distance-based linear model identified TN, P, and Na as strongest predictors of vegetation composition. SEABIRD plots had significantly higher median plant cover (87.5%) than REFERENCE plots (15%), characterized by vegetation dominated by mosses, lichens, and nutrient-responsive vascular species. A structural equation model revealed an indirect nutrient cascade: seabird-derived nitrogen, indicated by $δ^{15}N$, increased soil fertility (TN and P), which in turn enhanced vegetation composition and cover. These findings show that seabird nutrients shape inland tundra above the colonies, revealing a redistribution mechanism with limited attention in Arctic research.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of seabirds on the soils of Bear Island
    Wpływ ptaków morskich na gleby Wyspy Niedźwiedziej
    Autorzy:
    Kasprzycki, Patryk
    Opis:
    W pracy poruszony został temat wpływu ptaków morskich na gleby Wyspy Niedźwiedziej. Celem pracy było sprawdzenie na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych czy działalność ptaków morskich zmienia właściwości gleb na Wyspie Niedźwiedziej. Wyspa Niedźwiedzia należy do Archipelagu Svalbard i jest jego najbardziej południową częścią. Występują na niej jedne z największych kolonii ptasich. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w oparciu o 21 próbek glebowych pobranych z dwóch transektów. 10 próbek pobranych zostało z obszaru kontrolnego zlokalizowanego poza odziaływaniem ptaków morskich (transekt C1), a 11 próbek pobrano z obszaru gdzie ptaki morskie występują (transekt S1). Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że gleby występujące bliżej wybrzeża morskiego i będące pod wpływem działalności ptaków morskich wykazują niższe pH oraz niższą zawartość węglanów, a także cechują się wyższą zawartością węgla organicznego, azotu całkowitego i wyższym stosunkiem C/N w poziomach powierzchniowych gleby. Gleby występujące w transekcie S1, ale oddalone od kolonii ptasich o 300 m odznaczały się właściwościami podobnymi do gleb z transektu kontrolnego. Oznacza to, że zasięg oddziaływania kolonii ptasich na gleby jest niewielki i sięga tylko do 250-300 m.
    The main topic of this thesis is to explain the influence of seabirds on Bear’s Island pedosphere. The main aim was to determine how activity of seabirds change soil properties on Bear Island by performing laboratory analysis. Bear Island is the most southern part of a Svalbard archipelago. On this island one of the biggest Arctic seabirds colonies occur. Studies were performed based on 21 samples obtained from two different transects. 10 samples were collected from control area where seabirds activity was not recorded (transect C1) and 11 samples from area where seabirds occurred (transect S1). Results showed that soils near seashore, which are under the influence of birds, showed lower pH and lower content of carbonate as well as were characterized by higher content of organic carbon and total nitrogen and higher C/N ratio in the surface horizon. Soils occurring in the S1 transect but located 300 m away from seashore and bird colonies, showed similar properties to soils from C1 transect. This means that the range of impact of bird colonies on the soils is small and ranges only 250-300 m.
    Dostawca treści:
    Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Inne
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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