Temat: secondary succession

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Afforestation and secondary succession
Zalesienia a sukcesja wtórna
Autorzy:: Krawczyk, Robert
Wydawca:: Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa (Forest Research Institute), Sekocin Stary, Poland
Opis:: Secondary succession is a long and complicated natural process returning forests to post agricultural lands, whereas afforestation is an attempt to speed up this process by planting trees. Massive afforestation in the twentieth century brought an increase in forest area in Poland along with management problems in these areas due to disturbances caused by root diseases. Therefore it appears necessary to employ successional processes more fully in order to create sustainable forest ecosystems.
Przemysław Szmit
The research was implemented within the framework of Extramural Doctoral Studies at the Forest Research Institute in Sękocin Stary.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Centrum Otwartej Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Species diversity of macrofungi on fallows in the buffer zones of the landscape parks in Łódzkie province
Autorzy:: Adamczyk, Jolanta
Tematy:: fallows
secondary succession
macromycetes
landscape parks
Łódzkie province; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/765037.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Przemiany użytkowania ziemi w ostatnich 20 latach przyczyniły się do powstania w naszym kraju znacznych powierzchni odłogów, które stwarzają nowe siedliska dla rozwoju spontanicznej roślinności i grzybów. Dotychczasowe dane o grzybach wielkoowocnikowych gruntów porolnych są znikome. W prezentowanej pracy przedstawiono wyniki dwuletnich obserwacji macromycetes na powierzchniach odłogów, usytułowanych w strefach otaczających wszystkie parki krajobrazowe w woj. łódzkim. Obserwacje te pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie 7 typów zbiorowisk roślinnych powstałych na odłogach oraz zanotowanie na nich 46 gatunków macromycetes. Roślinność obserwowanych odłogów wykazywała znaczne różnice strukturalne. Były tu pionierskie powierzchnie porośnięte jedynie porostami z rodzaju Cladonia, inicjalne stadia muraw, z dominacją traw (np. Agrostis capilllaris, Festuca ovina) oraz powierzchnie o znacznej liczbie gatunków roślin zielnych, zarówno łąkowych, jak i leśnych. Odrębną grupę stanowiły powierzchnie porośnięte w przeważającej części gatunkami inwazyjnymi obcego pochodzenia, głównie Solidago canadensis i Padus serotina. Funga obserwowanych powierzchni wykazywała zróżnicowanie związane z typem roślinności. Najuboższe w grzyby okazały się powierzchnie inicjalnych muraw z chrobotkami lub roślinnością trawiastą oraz powierzchnie z dominacją Solidago canadensis. Występowały tu nieliczne owocniki gatunków z rodzaju Bovista, Lycoperdon, Calvatia. Natomiast najbogatsze w gatunki grzybów były powierzchnie porośnięte drzewami, głównie sosnami, gdzie zanotowano gatunki grzybów mykoryzowych z rodzajów: Amanita, Boletus, Inocybe, Laccaria, Suillus, Xerocomus. Na odłogach z dużym pokryciem mszakami, obserwowano grzyby wykorzystujące mchy, np. Rickenella fibula i Arrhenia lobata. Dotychczasowe badania macromycetes na odłogach woj. łódzkiego dostarczają jedynie wstępnej wiedzy o różnorodności gatunkowej grzybów na tego typu siedliskach. Wydaje się celowe prowadzenia dalszych badań na tych samych powierzchniach i obserwowanie zmian, jakie będą zachodzić w strukturze macromycetes wraz z postępującą na odłogach sukcesją.
This study presents the species structure of macrofungi in different plant communities formed on fallows as a result of secondary succession. The mycological observations were carried out in 2012 and 2013 in the buffer zones of all landscape parks in the Łódzkie province, i.e. Bolimów LP, Spała LP, Sulejów LP, Warta-Widawka LP, Łódź Hills LP, Przedbórz LP and Załęcze LP. The botanical research identified fallows representing 7 types of plant communities. In total 46 macromycetes species were found on the fallows. The diversity of macrofungi depended on the type of plant community. The highest number of fungi species was found in the communities with an admixture of trees (Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula), while the lowest was collected on fallows almost completely covered by Cirsium arvense and Solidago canadensis. Considering the trophic classification of macrofungi found on fallows, most species were saprotrophic and mycorrhizal. Wood inhabiting saprotrophs were represented by only two species.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The effect of succession stage on seed rain and seedling recruitment in overgrown Molinia caeruleae meadows
Autorzy:: Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, Kinga
Opis:: Investigations into the effect of succession stage on seed rain and seedling recruitment were conducted in Kraków-Kostrze (southern Poland) in 2014 and 2015. Observations were carried out in Molinia caeruleae meadows representing early (Patch I), temporary (Patch II) and advanced (Patch III) stage of secondary succession. Patch I was dominated by meadow species creating delicate stems, Patch II abounded in large tussock grasses and tall-growing rhizomatous grasses and Patch III was overgrown by willow shrubs and bordered by trees. The number of seeds and taxa in the seed rain decreased gradually in the successive study sites. Species resident in the standing vegetation were the most abundantly represented in the seed rain and their share augmented remarkably in Patch III, most likely due to its spatial isolation by the surrounding shrubs and trees. The share of seedlings and taxa in artificially made gaps in the plant cover and litter decreases along the successional gradient. The majority of taxa appearing in the seedling pool of all the patches occurred in the seed rain, while the taxa in the soil seed-bank reserves were modestly represented only in Patches I and II. Combining the obtained results and published data, it can be stated that, being abundant in the seed rain, the best colonizers show the greatest germination capability. Although the best colonizers are meadow taxa, fast-growing weeds, trees as well as alien, invasive species also appeared in the seedling pool.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Conservation status and trends in the transformation of Molinia meadows in the Laki w Komborni Natura 2000 site, SE Poland
Stan zachowania i kierunki przemian łąk trzęślicowych na obszarze Natura 2000 Łąki w Komborni (Polska południowo-wschodnia)
Autorzy:: Ziaja, Maria
Wójcik, Tomasz
Wrzesień, Małgorzata
Tematy:: meadow community
conservation
secondary succession
species diversity
Molinia meadows; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1628276.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of this study was to provide a phytosociological and ecological characterization of meadow communities in the Łąki w Komborni Natura 2000 site (SE Poland), assess the trends in their transformation, and indicate the major threats impacting on their conservation. The study was conducted in 2015–2016. Three types of meadow communities were distinguished (alliances Molinion, Arrhenatherion, Filipendulion), due to the absence of the species characteristic for associations. The species richness noted per relevé differed significantly between the types of meadows (Kruskal–Wallis test: H = 21.65, p < 0.05). The highest floristic biodiversity (H' = 2.99) was noted for the meadow patches classified as in the Molinion alliance and the lowest (H' = 2.50) was found for the patches from the Filipendulion alliance. Mean values of the ecological indicators (F, R, N) differed between the meadow communities. The greatest disparity was noted for the mean values of the soil moisture indicator (from 6.42 to 7.45). Patches classified in the Filipendulion alliance were developed on the wettest soil substratum, whereas the patches classified in the Arrhenatherion alliance were predominant on a relatively dry substratum. The abandonment of traditional management practices (grazing, mowing) has contributed to transformation of the Molinia meadows, disappearance of characteristic species and succession of shrubs. The Molinia meadow habitat should be conserved by improvement of protection measures (appropriate mowing regime and removal of biomass) to conserve a high species richness and the rare and protected plant species.
Celem pracy była charakterystyka fitosocjologiczna i ekologiczna zbiorowisk łąkowych na obszarze Natura 2000 Łąki w Komborni (SE Polska) oraz ocena kierunków zmian wraz ze wskazaniem głównych zagrożeń. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2015–2016. W kompleksie wyróżniono trzy typy zbiorowisk, które ze względu na brak gatunków charakterystycznych dla zespołów oraz znaczne przekształcenia fitocenoz podano w randze związku (Molinion, Arrhenatherion, Filipendulion). Zbiorowiska różniły się bogactwem gatunkowym (H = 21.65, p < 0.05). Najwyższą bioróżnorodność florystyczną (H' = 2.99) miały płaty ze związku Molinion, a najniższą (H' = 2.50) ze związku Filipendulion. Średnie wartości wskaźników ekologicznych (F, R, N) były różne dla wydzielonych zbiorowisk. Największe różnice zanotowano w średnich wartościach wskaźnika wilgotności gleby (od 6.42 do 7.45). Na podłożu najbardziej wilgotnym dominowo zbiorowisko z Filipendulion, a na stosunkowo suchym zbiorowisko z Arrhenaterion. Brak tradycyjnego użytkowania (wypas, koszenie) spowodowało przekształcanie łąk trzęślicowych, zanik gatunków charakterystycznych oraz postępujący proces sukcesji. Z uwagi na duże bogactwo gatunkowe, obecność rzadkich i chronionych taksonów istnieje potrzeba zachowania siedliska łąk trzęślicowych na badanym terenie wraz z koniecznością wprowadzenia zabiegów ochronnych (koszenie, usuwanie biomasy).
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Drained fens: comparison of nitrogen mineralization rate and biotic structures in two periods of secondary succession
N mineralization rate and biotic structures of fens after drainage
Autorzy:: Kajak, Anna
Pętal, Joanna
Współwytwórcy:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology
Wydawca:: Polish Academy of Sciences. Institute of Ecology. Publishing Office
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Makulec G., Kusińska A. 1997 - The role of earthworms (Lumbricidae) in transformations of organic matter and in the nutrient cycling in the soils of ley meadows and permanent meadows - Ekol. Pol. 45: 825-838.
Pasternak-Kuśmierska D. 1995 - Structural features and primary production of the herb layer in the Carici-elongatae-Alnetum Koch 1962 community - Pol. ecol. Stud. 21: 163-170.
Paul E. A., Clark F. E. 1996 - Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry - Academic Press 340 pp.
Szanser M. 1991 - CO2 diffusion from peat-muck soils. III. Carbon balance in a model ecosystem of peat meadow - Pol. ecol. Stud. 17: 123-135.
Kowalczyk Z., Łękawska I. 1977 - Characteristic of changes in the medow sward and its productivity on distinguished sites of the Wizna fen - Pol. ecol. Stud. 3: 55-65.
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Kononova M. 1966 - Soil organic matter - Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Chmielewski K. 1991 - The effect of habitat conditions on microbiological activity of peat soils - Pol. ecol. Stud. 17: 143-153
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Kaczmarek M. 1998 - Long term changes (15 years) in Collembola communities on drained fens - Ekol. pol. 46: 237-242.
Zimka J. R., Stachurski A. 1996 - Intensity of nitrification and sulphur oxidation in peat soils of meadows of Biebrza river valley (Poland): An effect on cation release and eutrophication of groundwater - Ekol. pol. 44: 311-332.
Pasternak-Kuśmierska D., Wilpiszewska I., Kotowska J., Cieślewicz M. 1997 - Structure and dynamics of plant biomass on drained peatlands of different peat origin (Ice marginal valley of Biebrza River - Poland) - Ekol. pol. 45: 395-422.
Mysków W. 1968 - Influence of microflora on humus formation - Wiad. Bot. 12: 229-245. (in Polish)
Kotowska J., Pasternak-Kuśmierska D., Wilpiszewska I. 1998 - Comparative analysis of hay-growing meadows on peat muck soils - Pol. ecol. Stud. 22: 141-157.
Okruszko H. 1993 - Transformation of fen-peat soil under the impact of draining - Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 406: 3-73.
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Polish Journal of Ecology
Pętal J. 1999 - Managed fens: N and C mineralization and biotic structures - Ecologie, 30: 39-43.
Opis:: Strony 261-270 ; 27 cm
The grasslands on drained fens, differentiated by water holding capacity and soil origin, derived from sedge-moss (SMP), tall-sedge (TSP), and alder peat (AP) were compared in terms of soil properties, N mineralization rate and composition of dominant microbial and faunal communities. Comparison was done for two periods of secondary succession: 15 (earlier or first period) and 30 years after drainage (later or second period). In both compared periods soil properties remained significantly different between study sites, however differences in respect to biota were lower in the later period.In all compared sites in the second period a decrease was noted in soil moisture, pH, and total C and N contents accompanied by an increase in bulk density and cation-exchange capacity. The periodically over-dried AP grassland differed significantly from moist grasslands, located on sedge originated soils.The rate of nitrogen mineralization was the highest in AP soil in both periods compared, but decomposition of new, dead plant material was retarded. Amount of N accumulated in plant detritus accounted for 30, 42 and 91% of live plant biomass in compared SMP, TSP and AP sites, respectively. The low efficiency of soil organisms in the decomposition of detritus in AP soil may be illustrated by relations between invertebrate biomass and the amount of accumulated detritus. Nitrogen in soil invertebrates contributed to 81% of total N in litter in both sedge originated grasslands and to 19% only, in alder grassland.The decrease in the number of microbivorous and plant parasitic nematodes, stimulating mineralization processes was noted in AP soil in the second period. The density of humus forming invertebrates (Enchytraeidae, Lumbricidae) was significantly lower there in both periods.The paper focuses on historical processes to explain the discrepancy between low abundance of humus forming invertebrates and high humus content in alder soil.
Bibliografia na stronach 269-270
Pages 261-270 ; 27 cm
Bibliographical references (pages 269-270)
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Soil physicochemical properties and floristic composition of two ecosystems differing in plant diversity : fallows and meadows
Autorzy:: Kozak, Maciej
Laskowski, Ryszard
Chmolowska, Dominika
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Population traits of the rare plant species Succisa pratensis Moench. in meadow overgrowing
Autorzy:: Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, Kinga
Opis:: This paper examines the population traits of the rare plant species Succisa pratensis Moench. in the course of meadow overgrowing. The investigations were conducted in the years 2010-13, in Molinia caeruleae meadows situated in Kraków- Kostrze (southern Poland). The study sites represented the early (Patch I), medium (Patch II and III) and late (Patch IV) stages of succession. The abundance of subpopulations diminished from Patch I, via Patches II and IV, to Patch III. The increase in abundance in consecutive years was noticed in Patch I; an inverse tendency was found in Patches II and III, whereas lack of variability was recorded in Patch IV. The signs of senescence found in consecutive years in all subpopulations were mostly pronounced in Patches III and IV. The number of rosettes per ramet cluster did not show either temporal or spatial variability. The number of leaves per rosette diminished, while the dimensions of rosette leaves gradually increased in time and space due to diminishing light availability. The number and height of flowering stems, number of cauline leaves, as well as number of flower heads per flowering stem increased from Patch I to Patch III due to lateral shading, and then it diminished in Patch IV due to shading from above. The performed studies indicate that the subpopulation occurring in Patch I has the greatest chance for maintenance in the colonized sites, while the subpopulation occurring in Patch III is the most endangered by extinction.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Changes in meadow ecosystems
Changes in meadow ecosystems as consequence of secondary succession and plant diversity (synthesis of research)
Plant and animal diversity, succession and decomposition processes in grasslands : case studies in Suwałki Landscape Park (north-eastern Poland)
Autorzy:: Kajak, Anna
Wasilewska, Lucyna
Współwytwórcy:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Ekologii
Wydawca:: Oficyna Wydawnicza Instytutu Ekologii PAN
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Opis:: Bibliographical references (pages 856-859)
Streszczenie w języku polskim
Bibliografia na stronach 856-859
The decomposition process of Dactylis glomerata and the accumulation rate of organic matter was compared in meadows differing in the time since tillage ceased. Over time number of plant species in the sward and the diversity of the majority of analysed invertebrate groups increased. The youngest meadows were characterized by maximal variability in environmental conditions and variation in the numbers of several dominant invertebrate populations. Litter bags exposed in this meadow were colonized rapidly by bacteria, but slowly by microarthropods, compared to older meadows. The lowest accumulation of total organic carbon and humus fractions was also found in mesocosms inserted in soil profile of these meadows. The community structure of invertebrates colonizing mesocosms was characteristic for ecosystems under stress. Relatively high proportion of small organisms (bacteria, bacteriphagic invertebrates) stimulating the mineralization rate of organic matter were recorded.
Abstract in Polish
Pages 839-859 ; 27 cm
Strony 839-859 ; 27 cm
Dostawca treści:: RCIN - Repozytorium Cyfrowe Instytutów Naukowych

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Autorzy:: Tokarczyk, Natalia
Opis:: Meadows are characteristic features of the forested mountain landscape in the northern temperate zone. In terms of origin, they can be classified as natural, semi-natural and improved. Mountain meadows have great ecological value due to vast biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. However, over the past few decades, a significant decrease in their area has been observed in many places across the world. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the scale and the main drivers of forest encroachment on temperate mountain meadows as well as to describe current research directions and methods. The observed decline in meadow area may be driven by natural factors related generally to climate change or may result from changes in land use. This process is investigated on a variety of spatial scales ranging from experimental plots to entire geographic regions. Studies on forest encroachment on mountain meadows are now carried out by researchers from many different countries. Nevertheless, there still does not exist a complex, multidisciplinary approach and comparative studies for different mountain ranges are not found in the literature.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Conditions of the occurrence of Anemone sylvestris in a kettle hole in North-Eastern Poland
Autorzy:: Kwiatkowska-Falinska, A J
Falinski, J.B.
Tematy:: Polska
botany
condition
kame form
occurrence
secondary succession
xerothermic grassland
Anemone sylvestris; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57592.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The research, in 2004, was focused on the whole population of Anemone sylvestris (Snowdrop Windflower) present in the area of a kettle hole (0.8 km2) in north-eastern Poland (52°50’00’’N; 23°11’20’’E). The location of 56 clumps of generative specimens was surveyed. They numbered from several to approx. 1500 specimens. The number of generative specimens in this population exceeded 10 000. On account of this, it is a unique stand of A. sylvestris in Poland. The relationship between the occurrence of the Snowdrop Windflower and the presence of kame hills and ridges has been proven. Low slopes of kame with an inclination of 10-20o, and a north-eastern or eastern exposition has been found as the local ecological optimum for this species. Research carried out in 1970-2001 on 5 permanent plots (25 m2 each) has shown that: 1) Anemone sylvestris is an essential element of xerothermic grasslands of the order Festucetalia valesiacae; 2) the species suddenly withdraws from the parts of land on which woody species have already reached the shrub layer; 3) the greatest danger for the population of A. sylvestris in this area is the process of secondary succession initiated by the discontinuation of grazing on the kame hills.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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