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Wyszukujesz frazę "soil surface" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Effects of soil surface roughness on soil processes and remote sensing data interpretation and its measuring techniques - a review
Autorzy:
Herodowicz, Karolina
Piekarczyk, Jan
Tematy:
soil surface roughness, tillage treatments, soil processes, remote sensing, soil surface roughness measuring techniques
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Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763024.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Surface roughness is a very important physical feature of soil, affecting various soil processes and accuracy of remote sensing data interpretation. Thus, there is a need to describe it quantitatively. The main aim of the paper was to show needs and benefits of collecting quantitative information about soil surface roughness which is the most relevant parameter used as an index to predict water and wind erosion. Surface roughness can reduce soil erosion and soil losses even by up to 31%. Thereby, it increases the development of fauna and flora and improves the structure of soil and its biological quality. In the first section of the paper there are presented definitions of soil roughness proposed by different authors. The next section explains how various factors influence soil surface roughness. Then, the categorization of soil surface roughness discussed in literature is presented. The next part of the paper includes information about a role of soil roughness in agricultural, soil science and a hydrology research. Moreover, soil surface roughness plays an important role in a remote sensing of soils. The knowledge of quantitative soil surface roughness allows more accurate interpretation of the soil properties from remote sensing data, because this soil feature can decrease soil spectra even over 70% and makes their analysis difficult. In addition, deepening knowledge about soil roughness will allow more precise conclusions about the amount of reflected shortwave solar radiation indirectly shaping the Earth’s climate. In the final section, the techniques for measuring and indices for describing soil roughness are shown. However, the authors prefer a photogrammetry technique for collecting these data, because it is quick and easy to use, ensuring high resolution and accuracy of data (about 1 mm) and the image processing is currently simplifid as software to process is absolutely affordable.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of surface soil moisture from SMOS satellite and ground measurements
Autorzy:
Usowicz, B.
Marczewski, W.
Usowicz, J.B.
Lukowski, M.I.
Lipiec, J.
Tematy:
comparison
soil surface
soil moisture
SMOS satellite
ground
measurement
correlation coefficient
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Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25959.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Soil moisture datasets at various scales are needed for sustainable land use and water management. The aim of this study was to compare soil moisture ocean salinity satellite and in situ soil moisture data for the Podlasie and Polesie regions in Eastern Poland. Both regions have similar climatic and topo- graphic conditions but are different in land use, vegetation, and soil cover. The test sites were located on agricultural fields on sandy soils and natural vegetation on marshy soils that prevail in the Podlasie and Polesie regions, respectively. The soil moisture ocean salinity soil moisture data were obtained from radiometric measurements (1.4 GHz) and the ground soil moisture from sensors at a depth of 5 cm during the years 2010-2011. In general, temporal patterns of soil moisture from both satellite and ground measurements followed the rainfall trend. The regression coeffi- cients, Bland-Altman analysis, concordance correlation coefficient, and total deviation index showed that the agreement between ground and soil moisture ocean salinity derived soil moisture data is better for the Podlasie than the Polesie region. The lower agre- ement in Polesie was attributed mostly to the presence of the widespread natural vegetation on the wetter marsh soil along with minor contribution of agriculturally used drier coarse-textured soils.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The first report of the production of anatoxin-a by Bolivian terrestrial cyanobacteria
Autorzy:
Kamiński, Ariel
Piątek, Jolanta
Żmudzki, Paweł
Solarska, Magdalena
Flakus, Adam
Adamski, Michał
Opis:
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are observed in many regions worldwide with increasing frequency. The massive development of cyanobacteria is a severe problem for the water environment due to negative changes in water parameters, the introduction of toxic metabolites (cyanotoxins) into the water, and the resulting disruption of ecological relations in the ecosystem. Knowledge regarding CyanoHABs in aquatic reservoirs is increasing. However, information about cyanobacteria development in other, untypical habitats like deserts, open soils, or polar regions is still insufficient. Similarly, data regarding the distribution of cyanotoxins are extensive for some regions (for example, in Europe or North America), whereas, in other localities, such as those in South America, the data are scarce. In this paper, we investigated if phototrophic microbial communities collected from open soil (La Paz department, Sud Yungas province, Bolivia) contained cyanobacteria described as cyanotoxin producers. We performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of typical cyanotoxins found in aquatic reservoirs – anatoxin-a (ATX-a), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The obtained results showed a relatively high biodiversity of the studied microbial phototrophic community, which consists of several cyanobacterial and algal genera. Analyses of cyanotoxins showed that CYN and MC-LR were not present in the studied samples. However, despite the lack of cyanobacteria described as ATX-a producers, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms were revealed, and mass spectrometry (MS) spectra confirmed the presence of the toxin in the studied material. The results presented in this paper are, to the best of our knowledge, the first confirmation of the presence of ATX-a in open soil habitats, as well as the first record of cyanotoxin occurrence in Bolivia. The identification of anatoxin-producing cyanobacteria in open soil environments presents a novel finding that necessitates further work to elucidate their prevalence, abundance, and associated potential hazards, as well as the taxonomic classification of the specific cyanobacterial species able for anatoxin synthesis within these soil habitats. Future studies should focus on the distribution of cyanotoxins in cyanobacterial communities in untypical habitats and in localities for which, to date, the information on cyanotoxin occurrence is not currently available.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Застосування методу фотограмметричного опрацювання РЕМ-стереопар для досліджень мікроповерхонь геологічних об’єктів грунтів
Application of the method of photogrammetrical operation of REM stereo pairs for investigation of microsurface of geological objects and soils
Zastosowanie metody fotogrametrycznego opracowania stereogramów obrazów REM - dla badań mikropowierzchni obiektów geologicznych i gruntów
Autorzy:
Ivanuk, O.
Tematy:
gleba lessowa
powierzchnia gleby
obraz REM
fotogrametria
loess soil
soil surface
REM image
photogrammetry
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Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Geodetów Polskich
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/130002.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The results of application of REM stereophotogrammetric method for determination of spatial coordinates of points of microsurface of loessial soil using their REM images, which were obtained on REM Hitachi S800 with magnification 1000ˣ and 3000ˣ are shown. When magnification (scale) of REM mage is M=1000ˣ, the accuracy of the method is: mx,y = 0.06÷0.1 mkm, mz(h) = 0.7÷1.2 mkm and when M=3000ˣ then mx,y - 0.02÷0.05 mkm, mz(h) = 0.3÷0.6 mkm. The examples of application of program SURFER for graphical interpretation of microrelief of surface of loessial soils as microplans with contour lines, profile lines and axonometrical projections.
Podano rezultaty zastosowania metody autora - stereofogrametrycznego opracowania obrazów REM- dla otrzymania przestrzennych współrzędnych punktów mikro-powierzchni gruntu lessowego. Wykorzystano obrazy otrzymane za pomocą REM Hitachi S800 o powiększeniach 1000ˣ i 3000ˣ. Przy powiększeniu (skali) REM M=1000ˣ dokładność metody wynosi mx,y = 0.06÷0.1 mkm, mz(h) = 0.7÷1.2 mkm, a dla M=3000ˣ - mx,y - 0.02÷0.05 mkm, mz(h) = 0.3÷0.6 mkm. W artykule zamieszczono również przykłady zastosowania programu SURFER dla graficznego interpretowania mikro-rzeźby powierzchni gruntu lessowego w postaci mikro-planów z warstwicami, profili i w rzucie aksonometrycznym.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrodynamic and Erosive Behavior of Vertisols in the Wadi Sra Catchment (Central Rif, Morocco) – Analysis of the Rainfall Simulation Results
Autorzy:
El-Ommal, Mouhssine
Tribak, Abdellatif
Tematy:
Central Rif
hydric erosion
infiltration
runoff
rain simulation
soil surface condition
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Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201775.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The objective of this work was to analyze the hydrodynamic and erosive behavior of soils in the wadi Sra catchment (Central Rif, Morocco) using a mini ramp rain simulator on micro-plots of 1 m2. The plots were selected on vertisols with a slope (between 17 and 33%), considering four types of land use: cannabis cultivation, cereal cultivation, fallow land and abandoned land, with the aim of comparing and determining the effects of the land use types on infiltrability and sediment production. The simulation tests were carried out during each season, due to the variability of cultivation practices, surface conditions and prior soil moisture from one season to another. Before each simulation, the surface condition of the concerned plots was checked; it is a question of raising the rate of closed or open surfaces and covered or bare surfaces according to the quadrat points method. Laboratory tests allowed identifying the physico-chemical properties of the soil, the initial humidity, the bulk density and the porosity. The results obtained show that the final infiltration is characterized by a significant variation, between (8.32 mm/h and 70.40 mm/h). Low values concern abandoned and fallow land and very high values are recorded on plowed land (cannabis and cereal cultivation). In addition, solid transport recorded significant spatio-temporal variations, between (5.15 and 157 g/l); the maximum average values are recorded in the cannabis cultivation plots, followed by abandoned land, then fallow land and cereal cultivation land.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gamma-ray computed tomography as a tool to evaluate porosity changes along depth for surface crusted soils
Autorzy:
Pires, L. F.
Bacchi, O. O. S.
Reichardt, K.
Dias, N. M. P.
Tematy:
gamma-ray attenuation
soil density
soil structure
soil surface sealing
241 Am
applied nuclear physics
gamma tomography
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Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146838.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
Assessment of changes in porosity (ö) along depth for soils with surface crusting is difficult because conventional soil physical investigation tools are destructive and usually require a long period of time for preparation and analysis of the samples. Computed tomography (CT) has frequently been used as a method to evaluate soil structure in a nondestructive, sensitive, and rapid manner. CT data can be used for measuring at a millimetric scale changes in ö along depth for soils with surface crusting. The main objective of this work was to investigate the sensibility of the gamma-ray CT to assess soil structural changes along depth in samples presenting structural crust. CT images were taken with a first generation scanner of 1.14 mm resolution along eight different soil layers within the 0 28 mm depth. Porosity increased along depth up to the 14 17.5 mm layer. Through the analysis of the ö distribution of each layer it was possible to show that the sealed surface layer presented ö values of approximately 30%, while the other layers were greater than 30% up to 60% (macropore regions). The sealing crust thickness was estimated to be in the range of 2.3 3.5 mm.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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