Temat: toluene - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Review of the Methods for Selective Nitration of Toluene
Autorzy:: Nastała, Andrzej
Maksimowski, Paweł
Tematy:: toluene
nitration
selective nitration of toluene; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59115379.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A solution to the problems encountered with the treatment of wastewater during the industrial production of TNT could be the use of the mixture of nitrotoluenes (NTs) with no or a smaller amount of the meta-NT compared to the mixture resulting from conventional mononitration. This can be achieved by selective nitration of toluene with a nitration mixture which is more selective than conventional nitrating mixtures. This paper presents a review of the literature related to the methods for selective nitration of toluene using the following nitrating agents: nitric(V) acid, acetyl nitrate(V), nitrogen(V) oxide and others.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: The use of surfactant from the Tween group in toluene biofiltration
Autorzy:: Miller, Urszula
Sówka, Izabela
Adamiak, Waldemar
Tematy:: toluene
surfactants
biofiltration
VOC; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/205431.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Due to the lower energy consumption and waste production compared to traditional methods, the environmental bioremediation methods based on natural processes have been gradually becoming more prevalent in environmental engineering. Biological methods are used in waste management, wastewater treatment, gas treatment or soil remediation. For the low solubility of some pollutants and lower bioavailability, the use of biological methods may be hampered. This problem might be mitigated with the use of surfactants. This paper presents the results of studies regarding the effect of dosing a selected surfactant from the Tween group (Tween 20) on the efficiency of toluene elimination from the air by biofiltration. The obtained maximum biofiltration rate was 21.2 g/m³/h and 19.8 g/m³/h for the control bed and for the bed to which the Tween 20 solution was dosed, respectively. The effect of Tween was neutral (the effectiveness of toluene removal was insignificantly comparable to the effectiveness of the control series), it did not affect the effectiveness or limited the development of the biofilter microflora.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Benzene and Toluene Removal by Carbon Nanotubes from Aqueous Solution
Autorzy:: Bina, B.
Amin, M. M.
Rashidi, A.
Pourzamani, H.
Tematy:: carbon nanotubes
benzene
isofit
toluene; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204889.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The removal of benzene (B) and toluene (T) from aqueous solution by multi walled, single walled, and hybrid carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and HCNTs) was evaluated for a nanomaterial dose of 1 g/l, concentration of 10-100 mg/l, and pH 7. The equilibrium amount removed by SWCNTs (B: 9.98 mg/g and T: 9.96 mg/g) was higher than for MWCNTs and HCNTs. Toluene has a higher adsorption tendency on CNTs than benzene, which is related to the increasing water solubility and the decreasing molecular weight of the compounds. The SWCNTs performed better for B and T sorption than the MWCNTs and HCNTs. Isotherms study based on isofit program indicate that the Generalized Langmuir-Freundlich (GLF) isotherm expression provides the best fit for benzene sorption, and that Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm is the best fit for toluene adsorption by SWCNT. SWCNTs are efficient B and T adsorbents and possess good potential applications to water and wastewater treatment and maintain water of high quality that could be used for cleaning up environmental pollution.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Decomposition of toluene in air mixtures under electron beam irradiation
Autorzy:: Sun, Y.
Chmielewski, A. G.
Bułka, S.
Zimek, Z.
Tematy:: toluene
4-chlorotoluene
decomposition
electron beam; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148028.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The model gases of toluene-air mixtures were prepared by blowing technical air into liquid toluene and then irradiated with an ILU-6 accelerator located at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (INCT), Poland. It was found that the decomposition efficiency of toluene increases with absorbed dose and decreases with initial concentration of toluene. At 14.5 kGy dose, the decomposition efficiencies of toluene were 50, 37 and 34.5% for the initial concentrations of toluene 32.0, 63.4 and 78.0 ppm, respectively. At 58.0 kGy dose, the decomposition efficiencies of toluene were 93.8 and 78.1%, the initial concentrations of toluene being 32.0 and 63.4 ppm, respectively. Benzaldehyde was identified as one of the by-products of toluene decomposition in an air mixture. The decomposition efficiency and by-product formation under EB irradiation were compared between toluene and 4-chlorotoluene.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Synthesis, Characterization and Sensing Behavior of WO₃ Nanocrystalline Powder for Toluene Vapor
Autorzy:: Boran, F.
Çetinkaya, S.
Tematy:: tungsten oxide
direct precipitation technique
toluene; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031559.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanocrystalline powder was successfully synthesized by direct precipitation technique starting from sodium tungstate dehydrate (Na₂WO₄·2H₂O) as precursor at 80°C for 48 h. The morphological characteristics, distribution, and crystallite size of WO₃ nanocrystalline powder were analysed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to transmission electron microscopy results, the mean particle size of WO₃ nanocrystalline powder was approximately determined as 41.7 nm. The gas sensing performance of WO₃ nanocrystalline powder for saturated toluene vapor was measured by two probe resistivity unit in a closed vessel at room temperature. In addition, WO₃ nanocrystalline powder was able to respond the lowest concentration of 500 ppm. The results showed that the sample exhibited high sensitivity (93%) and good response reproducibility (0.93+5.5%) for toluene vapor.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Selective Nitration of Toluene using Nitrogen(V) Oxide in Dichloromethane and Catalysts
Autorzy:: Maksimowski, Paweł
Nastała, Andrzej
Tomaszewski, Waldemar
Tematy:: nitration
nitrogen(V) oxide
toluene
nitrotoluenes; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59115406.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A series of toluene nitration reactions was carried out using a nitrogen(V) oxide (N₂O₅)solution in dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), with and without the addition of solid catalysts. N₂O₅ in CH₂Cl₂ was found to be a more active and selective mixture compared to 100% nitric acid and a mixture of nitric acid(V) in CH₂Cl₂. Temperature has a significant effect on the composition of the products of nitration of toluene with N₂O₅ in CH₂Cl₂; as the reaction temperature was decreased, the amount of meta-nitrotoluene decreased to approx. 1-1.2%, at a nitration temperature below -40 °C. The use of molecular sieves with toluene adsorption resulted in a quite powerful para effect, demonstrated by a significant increase in the amount of the para isomer, while reducing the ortho- and meta-isomers. The most pertinent effect was obtained when using 13X molecular sieves. In addition to improving the selectivity, the use of molecular sieves also leads to a higher degree of nitration of toluene (toluene/N₂O₅ = 1:1) due to the resulting nitric acid being absorbed by the pores of the molecular sieve.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Coprecipitated Co-Al and Cu-Al oxide catalysts for toluene total oxidation
Autorzy:: Białas, Anna
Janus, Paula
Dudek, Barbara
Chmielarz, Lucjan
Kozak, Marek
Piwowarska, Zofia
Michalik, Marek
Kuśtrowski, Piotr
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Optimization of Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Procedure for Trace Analysis of Toluene
Autorzy:: Heidari, H. R.
Shahtaheri, S. J.
Golbabaei, F.
Alimohammadi, M.
Rahimi-Froushani, A.
Tematy:: headspace
solid phase microextraction
gas chromatography
toluene; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90998.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This study describes optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector for toluene at trace level in spiked urine. The parameters affecting the extraction and gas chromatographic determination of analytes were studied: extraction time and temperature; desorption time and temperature; addition of NaCl; and pH, volume and agitation of the sample. Optimized headspace extraction was carried out at 30 °C for 6 min in the presence of 0.2 g⋅m–1of NaCl in the sample solution. Also, sample volume and sample pH were optimized at 5 ml and 7 (neutral pH), respectively. Desorption of the analytes was carried out at 250 °C for 60 s. The optimized procedure was validated with 3 different pools of spiked urine; it showed good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days and 6 within-day experiments. The study also determined the accuracy, linearity and detection limits of this method.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: DRIFT study of the interaction of NO and $O_{2}$ with the surface of $Ce_{0.62}Zr_{0.38}O_{2}$ as $deNO_{x}$ catalyst
Autorzy:: Djéga-Mariadassou, Gérald
Krztoń, Andrzej
Da Costa, Patrick
Adamowska, Małgorzata
Najbar, Mieczysława
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Dinitrotoluene Synthesis Using Solid State Catalysts - MoO3/SiO2 and H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2
Autorzy:: Adamiak, J.
Skupiński, W.
Tematy:: toluene nitration
dinitrotoluene
solid catalyst
heteropoly acid; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357990.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Dinitrotoluene (DNT) has a lot of applications. It is mainly used in the production of polyurethane forms. Other uses include the explosives industry. It is converted to trinitrotoluene (TNT), or used as an additive in propellants. The main aim of these researches was to obtain DNT in one stage process with solid acid catalyst and nitric acid. The solid catalysts were composed of transition metal oxide (MoO3) and silica gel. One of them was modifed by phosphoric acid (H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2). The addition of phosphoric acid to these catalysts enhances catalytic properties and gives new structures on the surface – mixture of MoO3 and 12-molybdophosphoric acid. The activity of two catalysts in toluene nitration was compared. Higher yields of DNT were obtained in shorter time and with lower excess of HNO3 using modifed catalyst H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2 than using catalyst MoO3/SiO2. The very high yield of DNT (85%) was obtained in the reaction with only tenfold excess of nitric acid with 10 g of H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2. The way of regeneration of the catalyst system H3PO4/MoO3/SiO2 was found and time of storing was examined.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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