Temat: total carbon - Prolib Integro

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Application of the Thermophilic Fermentation Method to Obtain Environmentally Friendly Organic Fertilizer
Autorzy:: Bayazitova, Zulfiya E.
Kurmanbayeva, Aigul S.
Tleuova, Zhulduz O.
Temirbekova, Nurgul G.
Tematy:: effluent
fertiliser
feedstock
total carbon
humus formation
digestate
centrate; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201712.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this study, the authors obtained samples of biological fertilizer by thermophilic fermentation of substrates of different compositions. Two types of effluent were studied in the experiment: food plant waste with the addition of cattle manure and liquid pig manure with litter cattle manure. To activate the process of obtaining fertilizer, the Agrarka biological preparation was added containing a complex of microorganisms and bacteria that accelerate the decomposition process. A detailed chemical analysis of the liquid and solid fractions of the raw materials and the obtained products was carried out for the content of total phosphorus (P), carbon (C), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+), organic matter, dry matter, cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (Ar). The indicators of acidity and ash content were determined and microbiological analysis was carried out. The obtained results showed that the thermophilic temperature regime of fermentation accelerated the decomposition process, positively affected the total content of the main nutrients in the studied substrates, and negatively affected the vital activity of microorganisms. In two types of effluents, there was a significant increase in the level of ammonium nitrogen by up to 60%, a decrease in the total carbon content by 15–30%, and dry and organic matter by 10–12% in both liquid and solid phases. However, in the effluent from food plant waste with the addition of cattle manure, the indicators increased by 13% in total carbon and by 8.2% in dry matter, and the ash content was 3 times lower than in the second effluent. Thus, thermophilic fermentation obtained two types of effluents with high-quality indicators corresponding to environmental and sanitary standards, since the content of microorganisms and heavy metals did not exceed the permissible limits.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Validation of method for determination total carbon, inorganic carbon and total organic carbon in marine waters
Walidacja metody oznaczania węgla całkowitego, nieorganicznego i organicznego w wodach morskich
Autorzy:: Nowogrodzka, K.
Dembska, G.
Galer-Tatarowicz, K.
Tematy:: total organic carbon
seawaters
marine waters
total carbon
inorganic carbo
validation
ogólny węgiel organiczny
wody morskie
węgiel całkowity
węgiel nieorganiczny
walidacja; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Morski w Gdańsku
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/111562.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Validation is a process of setting parameters characterizing the proficiency of actions and limitations of a method and an assessment of its usefulness for particular purposes. As a result, it ensures that the analysis process is carried out in a reliable and precise way and gives reliable results. For the validation process marine water was used, as well as the addition of standard solutions. Uncertainty in the results, limit of quantification, precision, repeatability and reproducibility, recovery and accuracy of the method were obtained. The results of the validation of the method for determination of total inorganic and organic carbon in marine waters are discussed in this paper. For this purpose, a Shimadzu analyser TOC-L was used. The discussed method is based on infrared detection NDIR. A halogen scrubber type B was used for determined the compounds. This allowed the analysis time at the stage of the sample preparation to be shortened. It increased the absorption of salt contained in a sample, as a result of which, the dilution stage could be omitted, and the final result is affected by a smaller error. The method of the validation for determination of total inorganic and organic carbon received accreditation of the Polish Centre for Accreditation and joined a wide range of the analyses carried out in the Laboratory of the Department of Environment Protection of the Marine Institute in Gdańsk.
Walidacja jest procesem ustalania parametrów charakteryzujących sprawność działania i ograniczeń metody oraz sprawdzeniem jej przydatności do określonych celów. W efekcie można uzyskać pewność, że proces analizy przebiega w sposób rzetelny i precyzyjny oraz daje wiarygodne wyniki. Do procesu walidacji wykorzystano wodę morską, a także tą samą wodę z dodatkami wzorców. Walidacja metody pozwoliła na określenie takich parametrów, jak: niepewność wyników, granica oznaczalności, precyzja, powtarzalność i odtwarzalność, a także odzysk i dokładność metody. W niniejszej pracy omówione zostały wyniki walidacji metod oznaczania węgla całkowitego, nieorganicznego i organicznego w próbkach wody morskiej. W tym celu wykorzystano analizator TOC-L firmy Shimadzu. Omawiana metoda polega na detekcji w podczerwieni NDIR. Do przeprowadzenia badań zastosowano skruber halogenów typu B. Pozwolił on na skrócenie czasu analizy na etapie przygotowania próbki. Zwiększył on pochłanianie soli zawartej w próbce, w wyniku czego można było pominąć etap rozcieńczania, a wynik końcowy obarczony jest mniejszym błędem. Metoda oznaczania węgla całkowitego, nieorganicznego i organicznego uzyskała akredytację Polskiego Centrum Akredytacji i dołączyła do szerokiego grona analiz wykonywanych w Laboratorium Zakładu Ochrony Środowiska Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Soil aggregate size distribution and total organic carbon in intra-aggregate fractions as affected by addition of biochar and organic amendments
Autorzy:: Odugbenro, G.O.
Liu, Z.
Sun, Y.
Tematy:: biochar
aggregate stability
microbial biomass carbon
total organic carbon; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971185.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A two-year field trial on maize (Zea mays L.) production was established to determine the influence of biochar, maize straw, and poultry manure on soil aggregate stability, aggregate size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Seven treatments with four replications, namely CK, control; S, 12.5 Mg ha-1 straw; B 1 , 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; B 2 , 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB 1 , straw + 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB 2 , straw + 25 Mg ha-1 bio- char; and M, 25 Mg ha-1 manure were tested at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm). Aggregates were grouped into large macro-aggregates (5–2 mm), small macro-aggregates (2–0.25 mm), micro-aggregates (0.25–0.053 mm) and silt + clay (<0.053 mm). Biochar, straw, and manure applications all had significant effects (p < 0.05) on aggregate stability, with B 2 at 20 cm soil depth showing the greatest increase (62.1%). SB 1 of small macro-aggregate fraction showed the highest aggregate proportion (50.59% ± 10.48) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. The high- est TOC was observed in SB 2 (40.9 g kg-1) of large macro-aggregate at 10–20 cm soil depth. Treat- ment effects on soil MBC was high, with B 1 showing the greatest value (600.0 µg g-1) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. Our results showed that application of biochar, straw, and manure to soil increased aggregate stability, TOC as well as MBC.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Organosolv lignin particles as an ecological reagent in the Kupfershiefer copper ore flotation
Autorzy:: Witecki, Kajetan
Szkurat, Monika
Hruzova, Katerina
Tematy:: collector
particles
total organic carbon
organosolv
lignin; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27323665.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Mineral separation relies heavily on the process of flotation. This study explored the feasibility of using organosolv lignin nanoparticles and microparticles (OLP) as a greener alternative to xanthates in the flotation process for mineral separation. Xanthates are widely used but pose environmental and health risks. The efficiency of OLP as collectors was compared to collectorless flotation, resulting in approximately 50% copper recovery, indicating that OLP may not be a suitable replacement for xanthates. Further tests were conducted using a mixture of xanthates and OLP (birch nano and spruce micro) with varying substitution levels (20%, 30%, and 40%). The results demonstrated that increasing the dosage of OLP led to a decrease in flotation efficiency for copper. TOC analysis of the products revealed that high dosages (160 g/t) of birch nano and spruce micro as sole collectors showed beneficiation and selective recovery against copper. While OLPs did not prove effective as collectors, the study highlights their potential as substitutes for maltodextrin in selective flotation of the final concentrate. Two out of four tested OLPs were recommended for pilot scale testing.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Using Sawdust to Treat Synthetic Municipal Wastewater and Its Consequent Transformation Into Biogas
Autorzy:: Abudi, Z. N.
Tematy:: anaerobic digestion
sawdust
adsorption
total organic carbon; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124626.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Sawdust, as an agricultural waste which is highly efficient, readily available, and relatively inexpensive, has the potential to be an applicable alternative adsorbent for the total organic carbon (TOC) removal from synthetic domestic wastewater. This study aims firstly to investigate the feasibility of sawdust as a new adsorbent and understand its adsorption mechanism for TOC. The impact of particle size, pH, contact time, and temperature has been evaluated as the controlling factors on the adsorption process. The results presented that the removal efficiency rose with the decrease of particle size, pH, and temperature, as well as the increase of the contact time. The maximum adsorption was obtained at particle size of 0.05 mm, pH of 1, contact time of 1.5 h, and temperature of 15°C, respectively. The second aim of this study is to utilize the sawdust that is used in the adsorption process as biomass in batch anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce methane. Spent sawdust was characterized by the methane production which was 5.9 times greater than in the case of raw sawdust. Four operating parameters were checked, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N), inoculation, particle size, and total solid (TS) content. The batch results indicated that the optimum parameters were: 20%, 30%, 2 mm, and 15%, respectively.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Investigation of Waste Properties of Subway Construction as a Potential Component of Soil Layer
Autorzy:: Ivanov, A. V.
Smirnov, Y. D.
Petrov, G. I.
Tematy:: subway
waste
soil
landfill
mine site
hazard class
total carbon
moisture
biotesting
Chlorella algae; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124091.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The construction of subway stations is inevitably accompanied by the formation of a large amount of waste that is extracted from the underground workings by rock. When the waste is transported, the air is polluted with the exhaust gases of the dump trucks, some of the waste can stay on the road surface, the use of dump trucks increases the load on the roadway, the disposal of waste at landfills harms the environment, and enterprises pay fees for the transportation as well as placement of the waste. The article deals with the waste from the construction of new stations in the Saint-Petersburg subway. In order to determine the possibility of using waste in the municipal economy, a comprehensive analysis of this waste was carried out, including determination of moisture content, acidity, total carbon content, as well as chemical and granulometric composition. On the basis of the study results, it was established that the waste in question belongs to the hazard class 5, which enables to use it as a component of the soil mixture. Afterwards, the hazard class 5 was confirmed by the method of bioassay based on the determination of water toxicity by changing the optical density of the Chlorella algae culture.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Loss-on-ignition as an estimate of total organic carbon in the mountain soils
Straty prażenia jako podstawa wyliczania całkowitej zawartości węgla organicznego w glebach górskich
Autorzy:: Bojko, O.
Kabala, C.
Tematy:: total organic carbon
carbon
soil organic matter
determination
soil
mountain soil; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/905700.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Due to the ease and low cost of implementation, a commonly used method of determining the humus content in soils is the loss-on-ignition (LOI) method. Several regression equations and transformation factors are reported for LOI conversion to soil organic matter (SOM) or total organic carbon (TOC) content. The vast majority of the conversion factors have been developed for surface horizons of lowland soils, while there are only few findings from the mountainous areas. 476 mineral and 79 organic (forest litter) samples from 31 soil profiles located in different altitude zones of the Karkonosze Mountains and under different vegetation were used for analysis. LOI was determined by the drying-weighing method and TOC by the dry combustion method with CO₂ absorption. The average LOI/TOC ratio was about 2, but varied in accordance to LOI value. At the LOI value above 8–10%, the LOI/TOC is maintained at a constant level of 2.0, but with a decreasing LOI it may significantly extend, up to 20 at LOI <1%. In the mountain soils, the best compatibility of TOC determined and estimated based on LOI was obtained when using different conversion factors ( 7.3, 5.0, 3.1 and 2.0) for the four LOI ranges (0–2, 2–4, 4–8, and > 8%, respectively) or when using separate regression equations for LOI of <8 and >8%. Because of huge TOC overestimation by LOI method at LOI values lower than 8–10%, the conversion LOI to TOC is not recommended, unless the direct measurement of TOC content is currently unavailable (e.g. in archival databases).1
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: The Use of Biofiltration Process to Remove Organic Matter From Groundwater
Autorzy:: Papciak, D.
Kaleta, J.
Puszkarewicz, A.
Tchórzewska-Cieślak, B.
Tematy:: groundwater
biofiltration process
total organic carbon (TOC)
water treatment; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952351.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article describes the research on the removal of organic matter from natural underground water using biofiltration process. The study was carried out in semi-technical scale on a model filter composed of activated carbon WD-extra. The development of biological activity in a biosorption bed, as well as observations on the relationship between the processes of sorption and biodegradation was evaluated based on the Eberhardt, Madsen, Sontheimer (EMS) test. Leading operation control parameters of biologically active carbon filter BAF included: change of TOC content, dissolved oxygen and permanganate index. To evaluate the colonization of granular carbon determination of ATP value was used. The presence of the biofilm was found by observation using light and scanning microscopes. The organic compounds in the water taken were adsorbed 100% and 70% biodegradable. The combination of sorption process with biodegradation until depletion of activated carbon adsorption capacity allowed in the initial phase of coalbed work for the removal of organic matter in approx. 100%. Formation of biofilm at the right time allowed to extend the filtration cycle and helped lower the TOC by 70%, i.e. from 10 mg C/l to 3–4 mg C/l.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Nutrients Assessment of Tropical Soils Around a Mega Cement Factory in Southwest Nigeria
Autorzy:: Oludoye, O. O.
Ogunyebi, L. A.
Tematy:: nutrient assessment
cement dust
total organic carbon (TOC)
soil protein; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123225.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Cement production is renowned for particulate contamination of the environment because of high dust emissions and heavy metals that later deposited in soils, serving as a sink. This study investigated the effect of cement dust pollution on some selected soil nutrients (phosphorous, protein, carbon and nitrogen) of the soil surface around Lafarge cement factory, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Fifteen (15) composite topsoil samples of the soil surface were randomly collected in the eastern, western, and southern axes of the factory while control samples were collected 15 km from the factory. The samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 15 cm and analyzed for chemical, physical and microbiological properties. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that Total Organic Nitrogen (TON), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Heavy Metals decreased with increasing distance from the cement factory while there was increase in the amount of Soil Protein and Soil Phosphorous. In conclusion, the inverse correlation between most of these heavy metals, the pH, and the activities of the soil nutrients are indicative that pollution caused by cement production exhibit a significant effect on soil nutrients and this may invariably affect the quality and condition of the soil of the area.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Soil aggregate size distribution and total organic carbon in intra-aggregate fractions as affected by addition of biochar and organic amendments
Autorzy:: Odugbenro, George O.
Liu, Zhihua
Sun, Yankun
Tematy:: biochar
aggregate stability
aggregate size distribution
microbial biomass carbon
total organic carbon; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2088216.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A two-year field trial on maize (Zea mays L.) production was established to determine the influence of biochar, maize straw, and poultry manure on soil aggregate stability, aggregate size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Seven treatments with four replications, namely CK, control; S, 12.5 Mg ha-1 straw; B1, 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; B2, 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB1, straw + 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB2, straw + 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; and M, 25 Mg ha-1 manure were tested at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm). Aggregates were grouped into large macro-aggregates (5–2 mm), small macro-aggregates (2–0.25 mm), micro-aggregates (0.25–0.053 mm) and silt + clay (<0.053 mm). Biochar, straw, and manure applications all had significant effects (p < 0.05) on aggregate stability, with B2 at 20 cm soil depth showing the greatest increase (62.1%). SB1 of small macro-aggregate fraction showed the highest aggregate proportion (50.59% ± 10.48) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. The highest TOC was observed in SB2 (40.9 g kg-1) of large macro-aggregate at 10–20 cm soil depth. Treatment effects on soil MBC was high, with B1 showing the greatest value (600.0 µg g-1) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. Our results showed that application of biochar, straw, and manure to soil increased aggregate stability, TOC as well as MBC.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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