Temat: utilitarianism - Prolib Integro

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Tytuł:: Utylitaryzm - doktrynalna analiza ewolucji nurtu
Utilitarianism – Doctrinal Analysis Evolution of Thought
Autorzy:: Górecki, Olgierd
Tematy:: utilitarianism
doctrinal analysis
evolution; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20250629.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Utilitarianism as innovatory and original stream of ethical and political thought enrich philosophical discourse of last three centuries. Utilitarian thinkers pointed out that maximization of pleasure correlated with minimization of pain is correct way to create objective catalog of rules or behaviors which application resulted in formation of the highest utility, good for an individual and good for a society. From methodological point of view there are differences between utilitarian philosophers thought, such as: happiness, pleasure or utility guide to diametrical disaccord on ethical or institutional area. The present scientific analyzes of utilitarian thought represent attractive differences in interpretation of this doctrine. Despite of this utilitarianism does not include logical and intellectual strong arguments of protection individual man rights in the case of conflict with interest people at large. Thus this doctrine in eighteen and nineteen centuries match to postulate political egalitarianism, but in nowadays utilitarianism lost its strong ethical position. In the past utilitarianism was a political instrument attended to protect a majority of society from arbitrary reigning of small elite group of people. Modernly this thought legitimize coercion a will of majority even though other smaller group of citizens have different political point of view. This kind of thinking allow to objectify individual man which is only identified with instrumentality to maximization of utility. The author analyzed thought of Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer. Afterwards he compared their doctrines with science literature and presented a thesis that is basic and universal principles of utilitarianism and it could be actual rules of political ethics under condition of limitation theory of utility by appending law of inviolability natural rights of man.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Utilitarianism: Doctrinal analysis evolution of thought
Autorzy:: Górecki, Olgierd
Tematy:: utilitarianism
doctrinal analysis
evolution; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653102.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Utilitarianism as an innovative and original stream of ethical and political thought has enriched the philosophical discourse of the last three centuries. Utilitarian thinkers claim that maximization of pleasure correlated with minimization of pain is the correct way to create an objective catalog of rules or behaviors that result in the formation of the highest utility for a society and its individuals. From a methodological perspective, there are differences among the utilitarian philosophers on issues such as: happiness, pleasure or utility guide to diametrical disaccord on an ethical or institutional area. The present analysis of the utilitarian thought represents some of the interesting differences in interpretation of this doctrine. However, utilitarianism does not include logical or intellectually strong arguments for the protection of an individual’s rights against the interest of people at large. Thus, this doctrine during the 18th and the 19th centuries postulated the political egalitarianism. Nowadays, utilitarianism has lost its strong ethical position. In the past, utilitarianism was a political instrument to protect most of the people in a society from an arbitrary reigning of small elite groups. In recent times, this thought legitimizes the coercion of the majority will regardless of the fact that other smaller groups may have different political views. Such thinking allows to objectify the individual man which is only identified with instrumentality to maximization of utility. The author analyzes the writings of Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer, and compares their doctrines with the scientific literature and forwards a basic thesis on the universal principles of utilitarianism. The author argues that the actual rules of political ethics under conditions of limitation theory of utility append the law of inviolability of the natural rights of an individual.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: "Promissory naturalism" : comments on moral sources
Naturalizm "zadłużony" : uwagi dotyczące źródeł moralnych
Autorzy:: Soniewicka, Marta
Opis:: The term "promissory" naturalism was borrowed from Karl Raymond Popper, who used a similar term in relation to materialism in one of his criticisms of this stance. . The subject of my reflections is the contemporary version of materialism - reductionist naturalism in relation to morality, which I call naturalism for simplicity. . With the use of the term "promissory", I understand that the naturalistic concept of morality is the heir to ethical doctrines which it does not acknowledge, because it remains in an open opposition in relation to them, and it is built on this opposition. In other words, the naturalistic concept of morality contains hidden moral sources, which naturalism itself can neither articulate nor derive from its assumptions. I will point out that the paradoxicality of reductionist naturalism in the matter of morality lies in the fact that it is a self-defeating refuting doctrine.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Ecclesial Spirituality Against the Threats of Utilitarianism and Consumerism
Autorzy:: Paszkowska, Teresa
Tematy:: ecclesial spirituality
utilitarianism
consumerism; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037573.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The paper presents ecclesial spirituality in opposition to anthropological threats brought about by utilitarianism and consumerism. It shows ecclesial spirituality from the angle of its (paradoxically) vertical fundament, derived from the “faith in the event” (Jean Daniélou) of the eternity plunging into the earthly sphere. It provokes the contemporary culture, contesting some of its canons. It also protects man against the expansion of those social trends which, reducing the status of a human person, answer its “desire for happiness” with offers such as: purchase, use and “letting off steam.” Utilitarianism and consumerism are animated by a spirit directed horizontally, leading man towards goods that are material, financial, ludic or prestige-oriented, characterized by short-term, “seasonal” usefulness. They do not bring the purchasers long-lasting satisfaction (of possessing and consuming), instead they raise “self-digesting passion,” which enforces a style of constant purchasing “something new” (fashionable today) and getting rid of “the old” (the previous season).Spirituality open to transcendence, based on evangelical vision of man and humanity faces the necessity of preserving its own identity from being contaminated by the “spirit of the times,” and of promoting anthropology in which man, multiplying goods (work, creativity, economics) uses them decently and honestly (ethical norms), preserving the ability to delay (“not now”) the experience of happiness and persistent (with faith) reaching for eternal perspectives.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Is every single human being a person? : a dispute between Robert Spaemann and Peter Singer
Autorzy:: Bugajski, Jakub
Opis:: One of the central issues of contemporary philosophy concerns the definition of the person. Many philosophers and bioethicists have sought to determine the basis for ascribing personhood, and to resolve the associated question of whether only human beings may be properly granted this status. Two contemporary thinkers have played a leading role in this debate, namely Robert Spaemann and Peter Singer. The former, coming from the tradition of Christian thought, seeks to demonstrate that the personality of a human being begins when he or she is conceived and ends with his or her death. In his opinion, only God, as the source of all life, has a right to exercise authority over human destiny. The opposite position is defended by the Australian philosopher Peter Singer. His philosophical views have emerged from the tradition of empiricist thought initiated by Democritus and expanded on later, above all, by John Locke. Singer postulates a descriptive theoretical account of persons, claiming that personhood results from the possession of a set of qualitative features, namely: to become a person, a human being ought to have certain properties, such as self-awareness, rationality of thought, or the possession of preferences - without these, he would say, one cannot even talk about persons. This paper seeks to confront the tenets of personalist ethics (as in Spaemann) with those of preference-based utilitarianism (Peter Singer), presenting the metaphysical, ontological and cognitive commitments that make up these two positions, but also asking whether there is any shared set of underlying concerns that could furnish a basis for dialogue between them.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: George Berkeley i John Stuart Mill o użyteczności religii chrześcijańskiej
Autorzy:: Spryszak, Przemysław
Tematy:: utilitarianism
religious beliefs
Christianity
Enlightenment; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2132479.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this paper I compare George Berkeley’s evaluation of utility of the Christian religion, as presented in his Alciphron (1732), with John Stuart Mill’s re-evaluation, contained in his posthumously printed essay Utility of Religion (1874). I obviously take also into account the two philosophers’ other works provided the utility in question is discussed there to some important extent. I argue, among others, that Berkeley’s claim that the Christian religion is necessarily and most greatly useful, i.e. inevitably leads to the happiness of mankind, as well as Mill’s acceptance of rather the contrary claim, logically depend on assumptions regarding either the world as such (Berkeley), or the human mind as such (Mill), hence one cannot, indeed, decide the problem apart from taking them into consideration.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Piotra Chmielowskiego argumenty przeciw poetom i poezji (w Zarysie literatury z ostatnich lat szesnastu)
Piotr Chmielowski’s arguments against poets and poetry (as presented in “Zarys literatury z ostatnich lat szesnastu”)
Autorzy:: Ratajczak, Wiesław
Tematy:: literary criticism
poetry
progress
utilitarianism
evolutionism; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1534416.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The article discusses the arguments against poetry that were used in Piotr Chmielowski’s Zarys literatury polskiej z ostatnich lat szesnastu [An outline of the literature of the last sixteen years] by its author. The critic’s intention was to diminish the significance of poetry and, in effect, to push poetry to the margin of literary life. To achieve that, Chmielowski presented a number of examples where modern poetry was not capable of grappling with the problems and challenges of the modern world. Chmielowski also instilled a vision in which writing poems itself appeared to be atavistic and as a relic of an earlier stage of evolution. Since lyric poetry made a particular core of literature, to challenge its position in literature in the name of progress made it possible to question all traditional “authorities”. The author of Zarys indicated examples testifying to the vitality of the novel and future possibilities in the development of this particular genre, whereas his formulated accusations against poetry and poets included their general bad condition (physical, mental and psychical). In addition, Chmielowski accused poetry of insincerity and untruthfulness. With regard to the poetics of the discussed poems, Chmielowski just limited himself to briefly formulated allegations and objections of their rhetoricality and epigonic character.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Про етичні погляди Степана Балея
The Ethical Views of Stefan Baley
Autorzy:: Iwanyk, Stepan
Tematy:: іndependent ethics
hedonism
evolutionism
utilitarianism; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1844572.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The purpose of my paper is an attempt to define the essence of Stefan Baley’s ethical views. In acheiving this goal, first I present a brief outline of the content of Baley’s article entitled “The concept of moral good and evil in modern philosophy” (1912), then I try to identify the main features of Baley’s ethical ideas, to reveal their direct theoretical origins, and to find out what the significance of these ideas for Ukrainian society is.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Komu pomóc w pierwszej kolejności? Decyzje dotyczące udzielania pomocy ubogim w świetle Amartyi K. Sena badań nad ubóstwem
Who Should We Help First? Making Decisions on Helping the Poor in the Light of Amartya K. Sen’s Research on Poverty
Autorzy:: Kwarciński, Tomasz
Tematy:: poverty
capability approach
entitlement approach
utilitarianism; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/469082.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: All around the world many people suffer from the lack of sufficient income, well-being or good health. Who among the poor should we help first? Some of the most influential research on poverty has been developed by a famous economist and philosopher Amartya K. Sen. This article is concerned with the problem of reciprocal relations between various concepts and theories of poverty, kinds of ethics and taking decisions about helping poor people. According to Sen, while taking decisions to help the poor we should base our arguments on the capability approach rather than on the basic needs approach, on the entitlement approach rather than the food availability decline, and on the capability rights system rather than utilitarianism.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: "Decyzje moralne w kontekście chronopsychologii"
"Utilitarianism of moral decisions in the context of chronopsychology"
Autorzy:: Nawojski, Paweł
Opis:: The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the time of day and the chronotype of the subject and the extent to which classical moral dilemmas are resolved by the subject in a utilitarian manner. Based on previous research, the term "morning morality effect" was coined to describe the occurrence of a lower propensity to cheat in the morning than later in the day. Further studies suggesting the important role of chronotype asa moderator of this effect led to the use of the term "chronotype morality effect". An interesting issue is the influence of time of day and chronotype on another aspect of moral decisions, namely utilitarianism. On the relationship between time of day and utilitarianism, one can only find the work of Trémolière and Gosling, which resulted from a re-analysis of observational data collected earlier in their laboratory. The aforementioned issue thus leavesa wide field for further research, which is the subject of the following paper. The study useda chronotype questionnaire (KCh) and a scale measuring level of empathy - the Empathic Drive Short Scale (EED). A question about a hypothetical charitable donation and a set of questions consisting of selected classic post-sacrifice dilemmas were also used. The survey was conducted on a sample of 251 people. After performing a statistical analysis, the existence of a relationship between chronotype and the degree of utilitarianism in the solutions of the presented moral dilemmas was observed. The relationship between chronotype and the amount of declared charitable donations was also observed. A negative correlation was also found between the degree of utilitarianism in the solutions of the sacrifice dilemmas and empathy and the declared degree of religiosity. Most of the results confirm previous knowledge reported in the literature. Confirmation of one of the hypotheses made it possible to observe a relationship between chronotype and utilitarianism, which, to the author's knowledge, has not yet been reported in literature. Since research on morality in the context of chronopsychology has been started relatively recently, there is a need for further exploration of the topic.
Głównym celem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie zależności pomiędzy porą dniai chronotypem osoby badanej a stopniem w jakim klasyczne dylematy moralne zostaną przez nią rozwiązane w sposób utylitarny. Na podstawie dotychczasowych badań ukuty został termin „morning morality effect” opisujący występowanie mniejszej skłonność do oszustwa rano niż później w ciągu dnia. Pod wpływem kolejnych badań sugerujących istotną rolę chronotypu, jako moderatora wspomnianego efektu zaczęto używać sformułowania „chronotype morality effect”. Interesującym zagadnieniem jest wpływ pory dnia i chronotypu na inny aspekt decyzji moralnych jakim jest utylitaryzm. Na temat zależności między porą dnia a utylitaryzmem znaleźć można tylko pracę Trémolière i Gosling, która powstaław wyniku ponownej analizy danych obserwacyjnych zebranych wcześniej w ich laboratorium. Wspomniana problematyka pozostawia więc szerokie pole do dalszych badań, które stanowią przedmiot poniższej pracy. W badaniu wykorzystano kwestionariusz chronotypu (KCh) oraz skalę mierzącą poziom empatii - Empathic Drive Short Scale (EED). Wykorzystane zostało również pytanie dotyczące hipotetycznej darowizny na cele charytatywne oraz zestaw pytań składający się z wybranych klasycznych dylematów poświęceniowych. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na próbie 251 osób. Po przeprowadzeniu analizy statystycznej możemy zauważyć istnienie zależności pomiędzy chronotypema stopniem utylitaryzmu w rozwiązaniach zaprezentowanych dylematów moralnych. Zaobserwowany został także związek pomiędzy chronotypem a wysokością deklarowanej darowizny na cele charytatywne. Wykazano także istnienie ujemnej korelacji pomiędzy stopniem utylitaryzmu w rozwiązaniach dylematów poświęceniowych a empatią oraz deklarowanym stopniem religijności. Większość wyników stanowi potwierdzenie dotychczasowej wiedzy opisanej w literaturze. Potwierdzenie jednej z hipotez pozwoliło zaobserwować związek pomiędzy chronotypem a utylitaryzmem, który według wiedzy autora, nie jest na razie ujęty w literaturze przedmiotu. Ponieważ badania nad moralnościąw kontekście chronopsychologii zostały rozpoczęte stosunkowo niedawno, istnieje potrzeba dalszej eksploracji związanych z tą tematyką zależności.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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