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Tytuł:
Limitations of working memory capacity : the cognitive and social consequences
Autorzy:
Nęcka, Edward
Gruszka-Gosiewska, Aleksandra
Opis:
This paper aimed to explore, from the perspective of cognitive psychology, the natural limitations of human cognition that determine our capabilities to deal with information overflow. These limitations are related mainly to the working memory system. This system is conceived to be composed of the storage components, which are responsible for active maintenance, and executive control that supervises the storage units. People differ in their working memory capacities, and because virtually every complex cognitive activity requires the temporal availability of a certain amount of cognitive representations, these differences are predictive of many outcomes. In the area of "cold" cognition, these outcomes include intelligence and verbal reasoning, multitasking, language comprehension and verbal fluency, whereas in the area of ‘hot’ cognition, they include mentalising, stereotyping and self-control. Natural limitations in working memory capacity may be overcome (to some extent) through the training of working memory skills or the application of processing strategies (e.g. task simplification, using external environment as in situated or distributed cognition, changing a code of mental representation).
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Die Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität in der Dolmetschausbildung: Implikationen für die Didaktik
Autorzy:
Schinske, Tara-Semira
Tematy:
working memory capacity
Interpreting Studies
interpreter education
working memory span tasks
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Wydawca:
Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53376667.pdf  Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:
The aim of the present empirical study was to test whether the working memory capacity of interpreting and translation students differs, in order to shed light on the role of working memory capacity in interpreter education. Six interpreting students and five translation students, all pursuing a master’s degree at Innsbruck University, were tested on working memory capacity tasks: speaking span, counting span, listening span, and subtract 2 span. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed that the results of the speaking span (p = 0,0246) and subtract 2 span (p = 0,013) are statistically significant. In both these tests, the interpreting students outperformed the translation students significantly. Moreover, a correlation analysis was conducted to determine whether more advanced students showed a higher memory span, which was the case in both tests. The results of this study suggest that interpreting students develop a higher working memory span throughout their master’s degree, which gives reason to believe that working memory capacity training as early as in the bachelor’s degree could lead to a reduced cognitive load when the students start their interpreter education. These findings are, however, based on a small sample (n = 11), as a reason of which, they should be viewed with caution. In terms of Open Science, all test documents, results and analyses can be found under the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.6985735.
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Magiczna liczba jeden : czyli co jeszcze zmieści się w pamięci roboczej?
The magical number one : or what else can fit into the working memory?
Autorzy:
Orzechowski, Jarosław
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Opis:
The habilitation thesis examines selected aspects of human working memory. The first one concerns the kind and number of working memory subsystems, their attributes and relations between them, that is, the fundamental problem of the structure of working memory. In four experiments presented in this part, the predictions of the two most influential models, i.e., the multi-component model and the embedded-processes model, were verified. The second part of the thesis is devoted to empirical examination of mechanisms of access to information in working memory. The conducted research focused mainly on the verification of the two-phase working memory search model. In this part, the results of three experiments were presented. The third part of the thesis examines the relation between working memory and the efficiency of divergent production processes. This relation is not often explored, but it seems to be important, because divergent production is one of the mechanisms of human creativity and its cognitive mechanisms are not well understood. It seems that the obtained results generally fit better into the embedded-processes model of working memory which predicts extremely restrictive limitations of memory capacity. In this model, it is also important to take into account control mechanisms. Two of such mechanisms are included in the synthesis proposed by the author, i.e., the mechanisms of activation and inhibition.
Dostawca treści:
Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Książka
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