Temat: working memory capacity

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Limitations of working memory capacity : the cognitive and social consequences
Autorzy:: Nęcka, Edward
Gruszka-Gosiewska, Aleksandra
Opis:: This paper aimed to explore, from the perspective of cognitive psychology, the natural limitations of human cognition that determine our capabilities to deal with information overflow. These limitations are related mainly to the working memory system. This system is conceived to be composed of the storage components, which are responsible for active maintenance, and executive control that supervises the storage units. People differ in their working memory capacities, and because virtually every complex cognitive activity requires the temporal availability of a certain amount of cognitive representations, these differences are predictive of many outcomes. In the area of "cold" cognition, these outcomes include intelligence and verbal reasoning, multitasking, language comprehension and verbal fluency, whereas in the area of ‘hot’ cognition, they include mentalising, stereotyping and self-control. Natural limitations in working memory capacity may be overcome (to some extent) through the training of working memory skills or the application of processing strategies (e.g. task simplification, using external environment as in situated or distributed cognition, changing a code of mental representation).
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Die Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität in der Dolmetschausbildung: Implikationen für die Didaktik
Autorzy:: Schinske, Tara-Semira
Tematy:: working memory capacity
Interpreting Studies
interpreter education
working memory span tasks; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/53376667.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the present empirical study was to test whether the working memory capacity of interpreting and translation students differs, in order to shed light on the role of working memory capacity in interpreter education. Six interpreting students and five translation students, all pursuing a master’s degree at Innsbruck University, were tested on working memory capacity tasks: speaking span, counting span, listening span, and subtract 2 span. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test showed that the results of the speaking span (p = 0,0246) and subtract 2 span (p = 0,013) are statistically significant. In both these tests, the interpreting students outperformed the translation students significantly. Moreover, a correlation analysis was conducted to determine whether more advanced students showed a higher memory span, which was the case in both tests. The results of this study suggest that interpreting students develop a higher working memory span throughout their master’s degree, which gives reason to believe that working memory capacity training as early as in the bachelor’s degree could lead to a reduced cognitive load when the students start their interpreter education. These findings are, however, based on a small sample (n = 11), as a reason of which, they should be viewed with caution. In terms of Open Science, all test documents, results and analyses can be found under the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.6985735.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: The effectiveness of working memory training : points to consider for future research
Autorzy:: Szewczyk, Rafał
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: The effectiveness of working memory training – points to consider for future research
Autorzy:: Szewczyk, Rafal
Tematy:: working memory training
effectiveness of WMT
working memory capacity
near- and far-transfer; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430631.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Working memory training (WMT) has recently become one of the most debated issues in the field of cognitive psychology. Since working memory (WM) is considered a strong correlate of IQ, numerous researchers have been trying to increase the latter by training the former. Proven effectiveness of working memory training could lead to its application in the therapy of many cognitive impairments. WMT could be also used as a tool of improving cognitive functioning of healthy subjects. However, almost every publication claiming to provide evidence for achieving one of above mentioned objectives has been criticised, mostly because of methodological shortcomings. The aim of my presentation is to extract potential sources of inconsistencies existing between the authors of meta-analysis and reviews of WMT research. For this reason I take a closer look at results and conclusions of several meta-analysis and reviews. As a result I point few indications that should be taken into consideration in future studies on WMT effectiveness.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Need for closure and dealing with uncertainty in decision making context : the role of the behavioral inhibition system and working memory capacity
Autorzy:: Kossowska, Małgorzata
Jaśko, Katarzyna
Czernatowicz-Kukuczka, Aneta
Opis:: The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderated mediation model of the relationship between the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), need for closure (NFC) and working memory capacity (WMC) in the decision making process. It was assumed that NFC works as a motivational mechanism that enables individuals high in BIS to deal with uncertainty; therefore, NFC mediates the effect of BIS on behavior in a decision-making situation. Moreover, as uncertainty management requires cognitive resources, we expected WMC to moderate this relationship. In line with our hypothesis, we found that NFC mediated the relationship between BIS and the information search about the job candidates, and this effect occurred only for individuals high in WMC. We discuss these results in the context of effective self-regulation, as well as motivational and cognitive determinants of effort.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: When are fluid intelligence and working memory isomorhic and when are they not?
Autorzy:: Chuderski, Adam
Opis:: Study 1 investigated whether the strength of correlation between latent variables representing working memory capacity (WMC) and fluid intelligence (Gf) depends on the time allowed to work on an intelligence test. When the half recommended time was given to fulfill two Gf tests, WMC and Gf were statistically indistinguishable, indicating that working memory and fluid intelligence are fully isomorphic constructs. However, when virtually no time limit was applied, WMC explained only 38% of variance in Gf. Further analyses suggested that only the latter testing conditions allowed low-capacity participants for relational learning during test taking, which allowed them to reduce their distance to high-capacity people. Study 2 corroborated the moderate value of WM–Gf correlation in untimed intelligence testing with a larger number of Gf and WM tasks, as well as showed that the indices of learning in a novel test of relation discovery predict significant amount of Gf variance. In sum, the research suggests that fluid reasoning can be differently related to WMC depending on the time pressure during Gf testing, and it also indicates that learning abstract relational representations may be an important component of unspeeded intelligence, but barely takes place during speeded testing.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Data from SymSPAN and OSPAN working memory capacity tasks in online and laboratory settings
Autorzy:: Chwiłka, Paulina
Ilczuk, Ewa
Öner Yaman, Sezin
Smołka, Ewa
Wereszczyński, Michał
Barzykowski, Krystian
Opis:: The present dataset comprises the performance of adult participants on two experimental tasks designed to measure working memory capacity: the Symmetry Span (SymSPAN) and Operation Span (OSPAN) tasks. Initially, a large sample of 566 participants completed these tasks online. From this pool, a random subset of individuals representing low, medium, and high levels of working memory capacity were invited to participate in two laboratory sessions. In these sessions, spaced one week apart, participants completed the same tasks again. The dataset includes complete performance data from both tasks, along with demographic information such as participants’ age and gender. This relatively large dataset offers valuable opportunities for exploratory research on working memory capacity, including analyses of its relative stability, variations over time and across testing environments, individual differences, and contributions to meta-analyses.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: Poznawcze źródła procesu nabywania wiedzy społecznej
Cognitive determinants of social knowledge formation process
Autorzy:: Strojny, Paweł
Współwytwórcy:: Kossowska, Małgorzata
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Wpływ treningu pamięci roboczej na podejmowanie ryzykownych decyzji i wartościowanie odległych nagród w zależności od poziomu obciążenia poznawczego
The effect of working memory training on risky decisions making and delay discounting at different levels of cogmitive load
Autorzy:: Szewczyk, Rafał
Współwytwórcy:: Orzechowski, Jarosław
Opis:: Spora część decyzji, z jakimi musimy się zmierzyć w codziennym życiu, podejmowana jest w sposób impulsywny i niekoniecznie zgodny z naszymi deklarowanymi celami i ocenami. Ma to miejsce szczególnie wtedy, gdy sposób przedstawienia dostępnych alternatyw jest na tyle skomplikowany, że nasz system poznawczy sobie z nimi nie radzi (np. niejasno sformułowana umowa, zawiła oferta handlowa). Z teorii dwóch typów przetwarzania wynika, że ograniczenia w zakresie pamięci roboczej powinny wiązać się z podejmowaniem bardziej ryzykownych decyzji i większą dewaluacją odroczonej nagrody. Badania dostarczają jednak niespójnych wyników na ten temat. W niniejszej pracy podjęto próbę rozstrzygnięcia tej niespójności w badaniu eksperymentalnym, w którym przeprowadzono trening pamięci roboczej. Przyjęto, że jeśli pamięć robocza ma wpływ na podejmowanie decyzji i wartościowanie odroczonych nagród, to jej usprawnienie powinno przełożyć się na mniej ryzykowne decyzje i większe docenianie odroczonej gratyfikacji. Z kolei badania nad treningami pamięci roboczej spotykają się często z zarzutem braku odwołania do teorii wyjaśniającej mechanizm ich skuteczności. Zaproponowany w niniejszej pracy model teoretyczny odpowiada również na ten problem. Aby sprawdzić, czy zwiększając sprawność pamięci roboczej można osiągnąć pozytywny transfer na podejmowanie decyzji i wartościowanie odroczonych nagród, przeprowadzono intensywny trening pamięci roboczej. Efekty treningu sprawdzano w obszarze transferu bliskiego i dalekiego. Transfer bliski dotyczył dwóch aspektów sprawności pamięci roboczej (ang. working mememory capacity) mierzonych w dwóch paradygmatach: (1) złożonych zadań pojemnościowych (ang. complex span tasks) - jako pojemność pamięci roboczej i (2) n-wstecz (ang. n-back) - jako sprawność aktualizacji pamięci roboczej. Transfer daleki dotyczył podejmowania ryzykownych decyzji, operacjonalizowanych za pomocą zadania Iowa Gambling Task, i wartościowania odległych nagród, operacjonalizowanych za pomocą zadania Delay Discounting i Probabilistic Discounting. Transfer daleki mierzono w trzech warunkach obciążenia poznawczego: niskim, średnim i wysokim. W wyniku treningu zaobserwowano poprawę w zakresie sprawności aktualizacji pamięci roboczej, co przełożyło się na zmniejszenie dewaluacji odroczonych pewnych nagród. Przeprowadzone badania nie wykazały jednak, by trening okazał się efektywny w zakresie poprawy pojemnościowego aspektu pamięci roboczej. Nie zaobserwowano również wpływu treningu pamięci roboczej na podejmowanie ryzykownych decyzji. Obciążenie pamięci roboczej za pomocą zadań pojemnościowych nie wykazało wpływu na podejmowanie ryzykownych decyzji ani wartościowanie odroczonych nagród. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na trzy ważne i stosunkowo nowe osiągnięcia teoretyczne. Po pierwsze, trening pamięci roboczej może poprawiać niektóre aspekty funkcjonowania poznawczego człowieka. Po drugie, pamięć robocza odgrywa istotną rolę w wycenianiu pewnych odroczonych nagród. Odwołując się do teorii dwóch typów przetwarzania można uznać, że poprawa aktualizacji pamięci roboczej pozwoliła na ulepszenie działania drugiego (refleksyjnego, analitycznego i sekwencyjnego) typu przetwarzania i zmianę w zakresie preferencji odroczonych pewnych nagród. Po trzecie, wyniki przeprowadzonych badań sugerują, że aktualizacja pamięci roboczej może odgrywać ważną rolę w zwiększeniu skuteczności epizodycznego myślenia o przyszłości poprzez wzmocnienie zdolności do konstruowania precyzyjnego obrazu siebie i przyszłej sytuacji podczas dokonywania wyceny odroczonej nagrody.
Many decisions that people have to face in their everyday life are being taken impulsively and in a way that is not necessarily in accordance with their explicit goals or judgments. It is especially the case when the set of the available alternatives is so complex that it exceeds the capacity limits of the human cognitive system (i.e. an unclearly formulated agreement, a complicated commercial offer). The Dual-Process theory suggests that working memory capacity limits are related to more risky decision making and with a higher rate of delay discounting. However, the research in this matter provides inconsistent results. The present research project - an experiment, where working memory capacity was manipulated via training, was an attempt to solve this inconsistency. If decision making, as well as delay discounting, are affected by working memory, then higher working memory capacity should translate into less risky decisions making and a greater appreciation of delayed gratifications. In turn, research on working memory training is often criticised for the lack of theory that would explain the mechanism of its effectiveness. The theoretical model proposed in the scope of this project faces this problem as well. In order to verify whether improving working memory capacity can have a positive transfer on decision making and delay discounting, an intensive working memory training was conducted. The training effects were measured as the near and far transfer. Near transfer referred to two aspects of working memory capacity: (1) working memory span and (2) working memory updating - measured in two paradigms: (1) complex span tasks and (2) n-back task. The far transfer referred to risky decisions making (operationalised with the use of the Iowa Gambling Task) as well as to delay and probability discounting. The far transfer was measured in conditions of low, medium and high working memory load. As a result of working memory training, its updating aspect significantly improved, which further led to lower delay discounting rate. The conducted studies revealed no training effect on improving working memory span. Similarly, the effect of working memory training on risky decision making was not observed. Working memory load - introduced in the form of secondary span tasks - did not show any effect on risky decision making nor on delay discounting. These results point to three significant and relatively new theoretical accomplishments. First, working memory training can improve some aspects of the human cognitive functioning. Second, working memory capacity plays a vital role in the evaluation of certain and delayed rewards. Referring to the Dual-Process theory, it can be concluded that the improvement of working memory updating enhanced type two (i.e. reflexive, analytic, sequential) processing and has led to a change in delay gratification preference. Third, the results of the present research suggest that working memory updating may be crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of episodic future thinking by reinforcing the ability to construct a precise future self-image and to vividly imagine a future situation during the evaluation of a delay gratification.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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Tytuł:: A conceptual framework integrating working memory capacity, effectiveness of goal attainment and work engagement
Autorzy:: Kulikowski, K.
Tematy:: work engagement
working memory capacity
goal attainment
job pressure
chocking under pressure
cognitive excess
zaangażowanie w pracę
pojemność pamięci operacyjnej
osiągnięcie celów
stres w pracy; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/326939.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this paper a conceptual framework highlighting possible relationships between employee working memory capacity (WMC) and work engagement is proposed. This conceptual model integrates WMC, effectiveness of work goal attainment and work engagement and consists of five main propositions. (1) WMC is positively related to the effectiveness of work goal attainment, (2) effective work goal attainment stimulates work engagement (3) work engagement is reciprocally related to effective work goal attainment. It is also posited that a positive indirect relationship between WMC and work engagement via goal attainment might be moderated by (4) job pressure and (5) excess WMC. Conceptual model presented here might help to understand the role of cognitive functioning for employees work engagement and spark further debate on this understudied topic.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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