Temat: transesterification

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Variability of glycerin fractions obtained during biodiesel production
Autorzy:: Sulewski, M.
Urbaniak, W.
Tematy:: glycerin phase
biodiesel
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/346913.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Recently, problems concerning the necessity of increasing the contribution of renewable energy are raised very often. In the aspect of combustion engines, the most common and promoted method consists in making liquid fuels from vegetable raw materials, which are subsequently added to conventional mineral fuels. In this study, the authors’ interest lies in the glycerin fraction, a side product of biodiesel production. Thus, it can be concluded that after phase separation, biofuel and glycerol are obtained and then glycerol can be utilized in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical or any other industry. However, in reality, we have to do with a three-stage equilibrium process, therefore, in the process of biodiesel production it is not glycerin that we deal with but a mixture of many substances of which glycerin is the main component. The amounts and contents of glycerin phases obtained in various technological conditions have been studied. Refined rapeseed oil, raw rapeseed oil and waste rapeseed oil were used as raw materials in biodiesel production.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Biodiesel Production of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Using Hydrotalcite Catalyst
Autorzy:: Agustina, Tuty Emilia
Heraldy, Eddy
Hadiah, Fitri
Hasanudin
Arita, Susila
Prakoso, Tirto
Sari, Tuti Indah
Suprapto, Bhakti Yudho
Putra, Muhammad Firdaus Kusuma
Ramadhani, Dimas Luthfi
Tematy:: biodiesel
esterification
transesterification
hydrotalcite; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105272.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Biodiesel is currently preferred for consumption and has been widely used as a substitute for diesel. This study aimed to determine the effect of various methanol-to-oil ratios in the esterification process and also the effect of hydrotalcite catalyst weight on the transesterification product. The catalyst was characterized with SEM, XRD, FTIR, and TG-DTG-DTA. The esterification process was operated at various oil-to-methanol ratios, i.e., 1:12–1:36 and the transesterification was performed using several catalyst weights, 0.5%–2.5%. The results showed that the optimum conditions of esterification were at the 1:30 molar ratio of oil-to-methanol, which decreased the amount of acid number by 95.75%, while the optimum condition of transesterification was at 1.5% catalyst weight. The characteristics of biodiesel using 0.5–2% hydrotalcite catalyst (acid number, total glycerol, free glycerol, ester levels, viscosity, density, oxidation stability) have met the Indonesian biodiesel standard of SNI-04-7182-2012.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Screening of lipase carriers for reactions in water, biphasic and pure organic solvent systems
Autorzy:: Hrydziuszko, Zofia
Dmytryk, Agnieszka
Majewska, Paulina
Szymańska, Katarzyna
Liesiene, Jolanta
Jarzębski, Andrzej
Bryjak, Jolanta
Tematy:: lipase
immobilization
hydrolysis
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039314.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In bioprocesses lipases are typically used in immobilized form, irrespective of type of reaction systems, to ensure an even distribution of catalysts in water restricted media and/or to facilitate separation and reuse. In these studies we report on the selection of appropriate enzyme-carrier preparation for hydrolysis reaction in aqueous and biphasic systems and transesterification in organic solvent. For this Candida rugosa lipase was bound by adsorption or covalent attachment onto various carriers to give 24 preparations. Selection of proper preparation was based on reactivity, thermal stability (4 h at 60°C), possibility of drying and operational stability in 17-23 successive batch processes of 4-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis in water. Activity of preparations varied from 20 to 5100 U∙mL-1 but the most stable preparations were those of moderate activity: bound by adsorption or covalent attachment to NH2-Kieselgel or acrylic carrier (retained activity over 90%). Selected preparations were used for hydrolysis of ethyl (1-butyryloxyethyl)-phenylphosphinate in biphasic system, and, after drying, in ethyl (1-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl-phosphinate transesterification. In this study operational stability was the principal criterion of selection. In water system, lipase covalently bound to NH2-Kieselgel was the best - preserved 50% of initial activity in consecutive batch processes. In biphasic system and lipase covalently bound to acrylic and NH2-Kieselgel the values were 90 or 77%, respectively, whereas in organic solvent, when lipase was immobilized on NH2-Kieselgel by adsorption, it was 50%. Thus, NH2-Kieselgel appears to be an universal matrix for investigated lipase immobilization and can be used in all reaction systems.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Wpływ surowej fazy glicerynowej, powstałej w wyniku estryfikacji oleju posmażalniczego, na przyrost masy organicznej roślin
Influence of raw glycerol phase from esterification process of waste cooking oil on the increase of plant organic matter
Autorzy:: Golimowski, W.
Kliber, A.
Tematy:: biopaliwo
glicerol
transestryfikacja
biofuel
glycerol
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/239137.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Celem badań była ocena doraźnego wpływu surowej, nieoczyszczonej fazy glicerynowej, powstałej w wyniku transestryfikacji oleju posmażalniczego, na wegetację roślin. Badania podstawowe wykonano na poletkach doświadczalnych, założonych na trwałych użytkach zielonych oraz w donicach z kukurydzą. Na sześciu poletkach o powierzchni 1,5 m2 każde rozprowadzono równomiernie wodny roztwór fazy glicerynowej, dwukrotnie w ilości: 3, 33, 66, 100 kg fazy glicerynowej przeliczonej na ha oraz trzeci raz w ilości: 200, 500, 750, 1000 kg*ha-1. Do donic, wypełnionych 16 kg ziemi, wprowadzono jednorazowo fazę glicerynową w ilości: 0,5, 2,5, 5,0 g, również w postaci wodnego roztworu. Określano przyrost względny masy zielonej w stosunku do masy zebranej na poletkach kontrolnych. Nie zaobserwowano istotnego wpływu fazy glicerynowej na zmianę masy zielonej, zbieranej na terenie trwałych użytków zielonych, natomiast zaobserwowano hamujące oddziaływanie na przyrost kukurydzy uprawianej w donicach. W wyniku analizy chemicznej fazy glicerynowej wykazano 17-procentowy udział metanolu. Ze względu na ryzyko skażenia środowiska stwierdzono, że konieczne jest usuniecie tego związku przed wprowadzeniem większej ilości fazy glicerynowej do gleby.
The study aimed at evaluating the influence of raw, unrefined glycerol phase, resulted from transesterification process of waste cooking oil, on plant vegetation. Basic investigations were conducted on experimental plots, established on the permanent grassland and in the pots with maize plants. On six plots of 1.5 m2 area each, the aquaeous solution of glycerol phase was uniformly distributed three times: twice at the rates of 3, 33, 66, 100 kg glycerol phase per 1 ha, and the third time - at the rates of 200, 500, 750, 1000 kg*ha-1. To the pots, filled up with 16 kg soil, the glycerin phase was added once in doses 0.5 g, 2.5 g and 5.0 g, also in aqueous solution. The gain of green matter was determined in relation to green matter of crop harvested from the control plots. No significant effects of the glycerin phase on relative changes in green matter yield harvested from the terrain of permanent grassland, were found. However, an inhibitory impact on the growth of maize plants in pots was observed. The chemical analysis of glycerin phase showed 17% methanol content in it. Due to the risk of environment contamination it is necessary to remove methanol before introducing more glycerol phase into soil.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Processing and Performance of Blended Biodiesel Produced from Microalgae Pediastrum Boryanum
Autorzy:: Chellappa, Thiago
da Silva, Raphael Eliedson
Filgueira, Mário Sérgio Gomes
Rabelo, Daniela Aisha Silva de Souza
Lira, Isadora Patriota de Aguiar
Bremgartner, Afra Raquel de Almeida
Bragato, Marcos
Santos, Dino Lincoln Figueirôa
Rosa, José Guilherme da Silva Santa
Chellappa, Naithirithi T.
Sanábio, Robson Guimarães
Nascimento, Rubens M.
Tematy:: biodiesel
diesel
algae
esterification
transesterification
residue; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069909.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this present study, biodiesel was synthesized as per ASTM method by using algae as a raw material, which in the environment is considered as being a harmful waste and of a nature that blooms in ponds, lakes and reservoirs. In order to improve fuel quality, the transesterification process was carried out in this study so as to remove fatty acids and thereafter, analyze several fuel parameters of the biodiesel were determined. The calorific value of the biodiesel and its specific gravity was 42660 kJ/kg and 0.803 g/cm3 respectively. The viscosity of the sample was found to be 1.99. The cetane number of diesel fuel ranged from 40 to 55 and for the biodiesel it was found to be 47. The flashpoint and firepoint of the sample was recorded as 80°C and 94°C respectively. The conclusion is that it is worthy to mention that this process does not require high-end technology; hence, it could be used in the energy generation process in remote areas and as an alternative resource, as well.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Biopaliwa z rzepaku. Przygotowanie surowca do otrzymywania biodiesla w warunkach gospodarstwa rolnego oraz pilotowe metanolizy
Rapeseed biofuel. Preparation of raw material for biodiesel production in agricultural household conditions. Pilot methanolysis processes
Autorzy:: Radziemska, E.
Lewandowski, W.
Szukalska, E.
Tynek, M.
Pustelnik, A.
Ciunel, K.
Tematy:: biopaliwo
olej rzepakowy
transestryfikacja
biodiesel
rapeseed oil
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106626.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Scharakteryzowano olej rzepakowy jako surowiec do produkcji biodiesla i opisano etapy procesu transestryfikacji. Oceniono metody wydobywania oleju rzepakowego poprzez tłoczenie w warunkach gospodarstwa rolnego i scharakteryzowano oleje pod względem przydatności do reakcji metanolizy (zawartość fosforu, LK, LOO, skład kwasów tłuszczowych). Przeprowadzono wstępne laboratoryjne reakcje transestryfikacji i na ich podstawie wytypowano parametry reakcji w skali ćwierćtechnicznej. Stopień konwersji oleju do estrów metylowych kwasów tłuszczowych (EMKT) oznaczano poprzez pomiar współczynnika załamania światła.
Rapeseed oil has been characterized as a raw material in biodiesel production and stages of this process have been described. An evaluation of methods of extracting oil from rapeseed has been performed. The oil has been evaluated on its usefulness for methanolysis process (phosphorus content, fatty acid composition, acid and peroxide values). Preliminary transesterification reactions have been conducted on a laboratory scale and, based on the obtained results, parameters for household scale process have been chosen. The stage of oil-into-FAME conversion has been determined through refractive index measurement.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Synthesis and Physico-chemical Studies of Base Catalyzed Methanolysis of Some Virgin Tropical Seed Oils
Autorzy:: Esonye, Chizoo
Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic
Ofoefule, Akuzuo Uwaoma
Tematy:: Extraction
Physico-chemical Parameters
Transesterification; Biodiesel
Vegetable oils; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1113573.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The physico-chemical characterization of Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophillum albidium seed oils were investigated, together with their methyl esters. The vegetable oils were extracted by applying the solvent extraction method, using n-hexane. Prunus amygdalus had the highest oil yield (60.1%), followed by Dyacrodes edulis (55.76 %) and least from Chrysophillum albidium (13.67%). The oils and their biodiesel were then analyzed for acid value, free fatty acid, specific gravity, ash content, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, smoke point, titre value, cloud point, moisture content and refractive index. Accordingly, Dyacrodes edulis seed oil had the highest acid value of 6.57 and required two-step transesterifictaion. The produced biodiesels were discussed in the light of ASTM D 9751, ASTMD 6751 and DIN 14214. These showed yields of 94.36%, 93.03% and 86.49%, cetane numbers of 70.40, 55.20 and 64.57 and calorific values of 31,178.39 KJ/kg, 34,421.50 KJ/kg and 32,838.38 KJ/kg for Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophyllum albidium, respectively. Other fuel-related properties showed highly improved qualities upon transesterification and compared well with ASTM and EU standards. The overall results showed that the seed oils are viable for biodiesel production.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Simulation and sensitivity analysis for biodiesel production in a reactive distillation column
Autorzy:: Agarwal, M.
Singh, K.
Chaurasia, S. P.
Tematy:: biodiesel
reactive distillation
modeling
simulation
transesterification
sensitivity analysis; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779118.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The conventional process for biodiesel production by transesterification is still expensive due to a need of high excess of alcohol required and its recovery by distillation. The use of a reactive distillation process can reduce the amount of alcohol in the feed stream as it works on a simultaneous reaction and separation. In the present study, a mathematical model has been developed for biodiesel production from triglycerides in a reactive distillation column, which has been validated with the reported data and CHEMCAD results. The effects of process parameters such as methanol to oil feed ratio, feed temperature, and reaction time have been investigated. The sensitivity analysis shows that yield of ester increases with methanol to oil ratio and number of stages, however, it decreases with fl ow rate. The MATLAB simulated results show that methanol to oil molar ratio of 5:1 produces 90% (by wt.) of methyl ester in a residence time of 4.7 minutes.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production by Double-Pipe Static Mixer Reactor
Autorzy:: Attahiran, Wissarut
Prasertsit, Kulchanat
Photaworn, Songtham
Tematy:: biodiesel production
optimized
response surface methodology
static mixer
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59114456.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This study investigates continuous biodiesel production from refined palm oil (RPO) using a 250-cm-length double-pipe static mixer (DPSM), mixing elements were employed first with the low-pressure drop static mixer (LPD-SM) and second with the Kenics Static Mixer (K-SM). Four key independent parameters in the transesterif ication reaction–methanol (MeOH) to RPO molar ratio, KOH concentration, static mixer length, and residence time – were optimized to achieve the desired methyl ester content (%E, wt.%), set at 96.5 wt.%. From response surface methodology (RSM), The optimal conditions of LPD-SM were MeOH to RPO molar ratio at 5:1, KOH concentration at 0.76 wt.% of RPO, 250 cm static mixer length, and 7.7 min residence time. Conversely, K-SM showed optimal conditions with MeOH to RPO molar ratio at 5.5:1, KOH concentration at 0.81 wt.% of RPO, 250 cm static mixer length, and 7.2 min residence time. Statistical analysis revealed KOH concentration as the most influential parameter, followed by residence time, static mixer length, and MeOH to RPO molar ratio, respectively. In summary, LPD-SM outperformed K-SM in reducing the amount of alcohol and catalyst consumption while maintaining %E at the set point, highlighting its potential as an efficient, sustainable approach for biodiesel production from RPO using a DPSM.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Modeling of Waste Vegetable Oil Biodiesel for Tractor Engine Utilization
Autorzy:: Al-Aseebee, Munaf D. F.
Ketata, Ahmed
Gomaa, Ahmed E.
Moussa, Olfa
Driss, Zied
Abid, Mohamed Salah
Naje, Ahmed Samir
Emaish, Haitham H.
Tematy:: waste oil
transesterification
fossil diesel
biodiesel
simulation model
engine; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59113663.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Biodiesel is regarded as a clean fuel alternative to fossil diesel fuel for fewer pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines. The biodiesel type can be made from waste frying oil, thus it has to be done right. Waste vegetable oil can be provided for free or at a low cost by restaurants and food processors that often use frying oils. Animal fat is also available for free or for a nominal fee from grocery stores, restaurants, and butchers who use lots of fats in their cooking. The methyl ester of oleic acid methyl ester (OAME) biodiesel was produced from used vegetable oil using the transesterification process in order to compare the performance of the 67 kW KUBOTA tractor diesel engine when utilizing OAME and fossil diesel. OAME biofuel was used without being mixed. The engine’s reliability metrics and important indicators, including the brake torque, indicated power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and burn duration, were identified. Optimal implementation was met by fossil diesel and the tested characteristics were very close. The OAME biofuel performs better in terms of volumetric efficiency and duration of combustion than the conventional diesel. The decision to choose a specific biofuel that is produced from a particular source so largely hinges on its availability and economic feasibility wherever it is used.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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