Temat: transesterification

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Variability of glycerin fractions obtained during biodiesel production
Autorzy:: Sulewski, M.
Urbaniak, W.
Tematy:: glycerin phase
biodiesel
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/346913.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Recently, problems concerning the necessity of increasing the contribution of renewable energy are raised very often. In the aspect of combustion engines, the most common and promoted method consists in making liquid fuels from vegetable raw materials, which are subsequently added to conventional mineral fuels. In this study, the authors’ interest lies in the glycerin fraction, a side product of biodiesel production. Thus, it can be concluded that after phase separation, biofuel and glycerol are obtained and then glycerol can be utilized in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical or any other industry. However, in reality, we have to do with a three-stage equilibrium process, therefore, in the process of biodiesel production it is not glycerin that we deal with but a mixture of many substances of which glycerin is the main component. The amounts and contents of glycerin phases obtained in various technological conditions have been studied. Refined rapeseed oil, raw rapeseed oil and waste rapeseed oil were used as raw materials in biodiesel production.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Biodiesel Production of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Using Hydrotalcite Catalyst
Autorzy:: Agustina, Tuty Emilia
Heraldy, Eddy
Hadiah, Fitri
Hasanudin
Arita, Susila
Prakoso, Tirto
Sari, Tuti Indah
Suprapto, Bhakti Yudho
Putra, Muhammad Firdaus Kusuma
Ramadhani, Dimas Luthfi
Tematy:: biodiesel
esterification
transesterification
hydrotalcite; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105272.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Biodiesel is currently preferred for consumption and has been widely used as a substitute for diesel. This study aimed to determine the effect of various methanol-to-oil ratios in the esterification process and also the effect of hydrotalcite catalyst weight on the transesterification product. The catalyst was characterized with SEM, XRD, FTIR, and TG-DTG-DTA. The esterification process was operated at various oil-to-methanol ratios, i.e., 1:12–1:36 and the transesterification was performed using several catalyst weights, 0.5%–2.5%. The results showed that the optimum conditions of esterification were at the 1:30 molar ratio of oil-to-methanol, which decreased the amount of acid number by 95.75%, while the optimum condition of transesterification was at 1.5% catalyst weight. The characteristics of biodiesel using 0.5–2% hydrotalcite catalyst (acid number, total glycerol, free glycerol, ester levels, viscosity, density, oxidation stability) have met the Indonesian biodiesel standard of SNI-04-7182-2012.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Screening of lipase carriers for reactions in water, biphasic and pure organic solvent systems
Autorzy:: Hrydziuszko, Zofia
Dmytryk, Agnieszka
Majewska, Paulina
Szymańska, Katarzyna
Liesiene, Jolanta
Jarzębski, Andrzej
Bryjak, Jolanta
Tematy:: lipase
immobilization
hydrolysis
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039314.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In bioprocesses lipases are typically used in immobilized form, irrespective of type of reaction systems, to ensure an even distribution of catalysts in water restricted media and/or to facilitate separation and reuse. In these studies we report on the selection of appropriate enzyme-carrier preparation for hydrolysis reaction in aqueous and biphasic systems and transesterification in organic solvent. For this Candida rugosa lipase was bound by adsorption or covalent attachment onto various carriers to give 24 preparations. Selection of proper preparation was based on reactivity, thermal stability (4 h at 60°C), possibility of drying and operational stability in 17-23 successive batch processes of 4-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis in water. Activity of preparations varied from 20 to 5100 U∙mL-1 but the most stable preparations were those of moderate activity: bound by adsorption or covalent attachment to NH2-Kieselgel or acrylic carrier (retained activity over 90%). Selected preparations were used for hydrolysis of ethyl (1-butyryloxyethyl)-phenylphosphinate in biphasic system, and, after drying, in ethyl (1-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl-phosphinate transesterification. In this study operational stability was the principal criterion of selection. In water system, lipase covalently bound to NH2-Kieselgel was the best - preserved 50% of initial activity in consecutive batch processes. In biphasic system and lipase covalently bound to acrylic and NH2-Kieselgel the values were 90 or 77%, respectively, whereas in organic solvent, when lipase was immobilized on NH2-Kieselgel by adsorption, it was 50%. Thus, NH2-Kieselgel appears to be an universal matrix for investigated lipase immobilization and can be used in all reaction systems.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Wpływ surowej fazy glicerynowej, powstałej w wyniku estryfikacji oleju posmażalniczego, na przyrost masy organicznej roślin
Influence of raw glycerol phase from esterification process of waste cooking oil on the increase of plant organic matter
Autorzy:: Golimowski, W.
Kliber, A.
Tematy:: biopaliwo
glicerol
transestryfikacja
biofuel
glycerol
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/239137.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Celem badań była ocena doraźnego wpływu surowej, nieoczyszczonej fazy glicerynowej, powstałej w wyniku transestryfikacji oleju posmażalniczego, na wegetację roślin. Badania podstawowe wykonano na poletkach doświadczalnych, założonych na trwałych użytkach zielonych oraz w donicach z kukurydzą. Na sześciu poletkach o powierzchni 1,5 m2 każde rozprowadzono równomiernie wodny roztwór fazy glicerynowej, dwukrotnie w ilości: 3, 33, 66, 100 kg fazy glicerynowej przeliczonej na ha oraz trzeci raz w ilości: 200, 500, 750, 1000 kg*ha-1. Do donic, wypełnionych 16 kg ziemi, wprowadzono jednorazowo fazę glicerynową w ilości: 0,5, 2,5, 5,0 g, również w postaci wodnego roztworu. Określano przyrost względny masy zielonej w stosunku do masy zebranej na poletkach kontrolnych. Nie zaobserwowano istotnego wpływu fazy glicerynowej na zmianę masy zielonej, zbieranej na terenie trwałych użytków zielonych, natomiast zaobserwowano hamujące oddziaływanie na przyrost kukurydzy uprawianej w donicach. W wyniku analizy chemicznej fazy glicerynowej wykazano 17-procentowy udział metanolu. Ze względu na ryzyko skażenia środowiska stwierdzono, że konieczne jest usuniecie tego związku przed wprowadzeniem większej ilości fazy glicerynowej do gleby.
The study aimed at evaluating the influence of raw, unrefined glycerol phase, resulted from transesterification process of waste cooking oil, on plant vegetation. Basic investigations were conducted on experimental plots, established on the permanent grassland and in the pots with maize plants. On six plots of 1.5 m2 area each, the aquaeous solution of glycerol phase was uniformly distributed three times: twice at the rates of 3, 33, 66, 100 kg glycerol phase per 1 ha, and the third time - at the rates of 200, 500, 750, 1000 kg*ha-1. To the pots, filled up with 16 kg soil, the glycerin phase was added once in doses 0.5 g, 2.5 g and 5.0 g, also in aqueous solution. The gain of green matter was determined in relation to green matter of crop harvested from the control plots. No significant effects of the glycerin phase on relative changes in green matter yield harvested from the terrain of permanent grassland, were found. However, an inhibitory impact on the growth of maize plants in pots was observed. The chemical analysis of glycerin phase showed 17% methanol content in it. Due to the risk of environment contamination it is necessary to remove methanol before introducing more glycerol phase into soil.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Processing and Performance of Blended Biodiesel Produced from Microalgae Pediastrum Boryanum
Autorzy:: Chellappa, Thiago
da Silva, Raphael Eliedson
Filgueira, Mário Sérgio Gomes
Rabelo, Daniela Aisha Silva de Souza
Lira, Isadora Patriota de Aguiar
Bremgartner, Afra Raquel de Almeida
Bragato, Marcos
Santos, Dino Lincoln Figueirôa
Rosa, José Guilherme da Silva Santa
Chellappa, Naithirithi T.
Sanábio, Robson Guimarães
Nascimento, Rubens M.
Tematy:: biodiesel
diesel
algae
esterification
transesterification
residue; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069909.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In this present study, biodiesel was synthesized as per ASTM method by using algae as a raw material, which in the environment is considered as being a harmful waste and of a nature that blooms in ponds, lakes and reservoirs. In order to improve fuel quality, the transesterification process was carried out in this study so as to remove fatty acids and thereafter, analyze several fuel parameters of the biodiesel were determined. The calorific value of the biodiesel and its specific gravity was 42660 kJ/kg and 0.803 g/cm3 respectively. The viscosity of the sample was found to be 1.99. The cetane number of diesel fuel ranged from 40 to 55 and for the biodiesel it was found to be 47. The flashpoint and firepoint of the sample was recorded as 80°C and 94°C respectively. The conclusion is that it is worthy to mention that this process does not require high-end technology; hence, it could be used in the energy generation process in remote areas and as an alternative resource, as well.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Biopaliwa z rzepaku. Przygotowanie surowca do otrzymywania biodiesla w warunkach gospodarstwa rolnego oraz pilotowe metanolizy
Rapeseed biofuel. Preparation of raw material for biodiesel production in agricultural household conditions. Pilot methanolysis processes
Autorzy:: Radziemska, E.
Lewandowski, W.
Szukalska, E.
Tynek, M.
Pustelnik, A.
Ciunel, K.
Tematy:: biopaliwo
olej rzepakowy
transestryfikacja
biodiesel
rapeseed oil
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106626.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Scharakteryzowano olej rzepakowy jako surowiec do produkcji biodiesla i opisano etapy procesu transestryfikacji. Oceniono metody wydobywania oleju rzepakowego poprzez tłoczenie w warunkach gospodarstwa rolnego i scharakteryzowano oleje pod względem przydatności do reakcji metanolizy (zawartość fosforu, LK, LOO, skład kwasów tłuszczowych). Przeprowadzono wstępne laboratoryjne reakcje transestryfikacji i na ich podstawie wytypowano parametry reakcji w skali ćwierćtechnicznej. Stopień konwersji oleju do estrów metylowych kwasów tłuszczowych (EMKT) oznaczano poprzez pomiar współczynnika załamania światła.
Rapeseed oil has been characterized as a raw material in biodiesel production and stages of this process have been described. An evaluation of methods of extracting oil from rapeseed has been performed. The oil has been evaluated on its usefulness for methanolysis process (phosphorus content, fatty acid composition, acid and peroxide values). Preliminary transesterification reactions have been conducted on a laboratory scale and, based on the obtained results, parameters for household scale process have been chosen. The stage of oil-into-FAME conversion has been determined through refractive index measurement.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Synthesis and Physico-chemical Studies of Base Catalyzed Methanolysis of Some Virgin Tropical Seed Oils
Autorzy:: Esonye, Chizoo
Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic
Ofoefule, Akuzuo Uwaoma
Tematy:: Extraction
Physico-chemical Parameters
Transesterification; Biodiesel
Vegetable oils; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1113573.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The physico-chemical characterization of Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophillum albidium seed oils were investigated, together with their methyl esters. The vegetable oils were extracted by applying the solvent extraction method, using n-hexane. Prunus amygdalus had the highest oil yield (60.1%), followed by Dyacrodes edulis (55.76 %) and least from Chrysophillum albidium (13.67%). The oils and their biodiesel were then analyzed for acid value, free fatty acid, specific gravity, ash content, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, smoke point, titre value, cloud point, moisture content and refractive index. Accordingly, Dyacrodes edulis seed oil had the highest acid value of 6.57 and required two-step transesterifictaion. The produced biodiesels were discussed in the light of ASTM D 9751, ASTMD 6751 and DIN 14214. These showed yields of 94.36%, 93.03% and 86.49%, cetane numbers of 70.40, 55.20 and 64.57 and calorific values of 31,178.39 KJ/kg, 34,421.50 KJ/kg and 32,838.38 KJ/kg for Prunus amygdalus, Dacryodes edulis and Chrysophyllum albidium, respectively. Other fuel-related properties showed highly improved qualities upon transesterification and compared well with ASTM and EU standards. The overall results showed that the seed oils are viable for biodiesel production.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Simulation and sensitivity analysis for biodiesel production in a reactive distillation column
Autorzy:: Agarwal, M.
Singh, K.
Chaurasia, S. P.
Tematy:: biodiesel
reactive distillation
modeling
simulation
transesterification
sensitivity analysis; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779118.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The conventional process for biodiesel production by transesterification is still expensive due to a need of high excess of alcohol required and its recovery by distillation. The use of a reactive distillation process can reduce the amount of alcohol in the feed stream as it works on a simultaneous reaction and separation. In the present study, a mathematical model has been developed for biodiesel production from triglycerides in a reactive distillation column, which has been validated with the reported data and CHEMCAD results. The effects of process parameters such as methanol to oil feed ratio, feed temperature, and reaction time have been investigated. The sensitivity analysis shows that yield of ester increases with methanol to oil ratio and number of stages, however, it decreases with fl ow rate. The MATLAB simulated results show that methanol to oil molar ratio of 5:1 produces 90% (by wt.) of methyl ester in a residence time of 4.7 minutes.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production by Double-Pipe Static Mixer Reactor
Autorzy:: Attahiran, Wissarut
Prasertsit, Kulchanat
Photaworn, Songtham
Tematy:: biodiesel production
optimized
response surface methodology
static mixer
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59114456.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: This study investigates continuous biodiesel production from refined palm oil (RPO) using a 250-cm-length double-pipe static mixer (DPSM), mixing elements were employed first with the low-pressure drop static mixer (LPD-SM) and second with the Kenics Static Mixer (K-SM). Four key independent parameters in the transesterif ication reaction–methanol (MeOH) to RPO molar ratio, KOH concentration, static mixer length, and residence time – were optimized to achieve the desired methyl ester content (%E, wt.%), set at 96.5 wt.%. From response surface methodology (RSM), The optimal conditions of LPD-SM were MeOH to RPO molar ratio at 5:1, KOH concentration at 0.76 wt.% of RPO, 250 cm static mixer length, and 7.7 min residence time. Conversely, K-SM showed optimal conditions with MeOH to RPO molar ratio at 5.5:1, KOH concentration at 0.81 wt.% of RPO, 250 cm static mixer length, and 7.2 min residence time. Statistical analysis revealed KOH concentration as the most influential parameter, followed by residence time, static mixer length, and MeOH to RPO molar ratio, respectively. In summary, LPD-SM outperformed K-SM in reducing the amount of alcohol and catalyst consumption while maintaining %E at the set point, highlighting its potential as an efficient, sustainable approach for biodiesel production from RPO using a DPSM.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Modeling of Waste Vegetable Oil Biodiesel for Tractor Engine Utilization
Autorzy:: Al-Aseebee, Munaf D. F.
Ketata, Ahmed
Gomaa, Ahmed E.
Moussa, Olfa
Driss, Zied
Abid, Mohamed Salah
Naje, Ahmed Samir
Emaish, Haitham H.
Tematy:: waste oil
transesterification
fossil diesel
biodiesel
simulation model
engine; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59113663.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Biodiesel is regarded as a clean fuel alternative to fossil diesel fuel for fewer pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines. The biodiesel type can be made from waste frying oil, thus it has to be done right. Waste vegetable oil can be provided for free or at a low cost by restaurants and food processors that often use frying oils. Animal fat is also available for free or for a nominal fee from grocery stores, restaurants, and butchers who use lots of fats in their cooking. The methyl ester of oleic acid methyl ester (OAME) biodiesel was produced from used vegetable oil using the transesterification process in order to compare the performance of the 67 kW KUBOTA tractor diesel engine when utilizing OAME and fossil diesel. OAME biofuel was used without being mixed. The engine’s reliability metrics and important indicators, including the brake torque, indicated power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and burn duration, were identified. Optimal implementation was met by fossil diesel and the tested characteristics were very close. The OAME biofuel performs better in terms of volumetric efficiency and duration of combustion than the conventional diesel. The decision to choose a specific biofuel that is produced from a particular source so largely hinges on its availability and economic feasibility wherever it is used.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: The effect of the ultrasounds treatment on frying oils intended for biodiesel production
Autorzy:: Ambrosewicz-Walacik, M.
Szostak, P.
Nitkiewicz, S.
Tańska, M.
Walacik, M.
Tematy:: frying oil
ultrasounds
fatty acids composition
transesterification
yield of biodiesel; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245084.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the study was to determine the ultrasounds treatment of frying oil on their properties important in order to biodiesel production. The research material was a frying oil, which prior to transesterification oil was treated with ultrasounds (37 kHz) during 15, 30 and 60 min. In next step, prepared samples were analysed in terms of fatty acid composition, acid value, FFA % and then subjected to alkali transesterification process. After producing methyl esters the yield of biodiesel was analysed with thin liquid chromatography technique (TLC), and then samples were characterized in terms of viscosity in 40 °C, density at 15 °C, acid value, sulphur content and flash point. The results showed that an ultrasonic treatment had a little impact on the fatty acid composition of the test samples. The yield of biodiesel was the higher the longer time of ultrasounds treatment were used. One the other hand, determined with thin liquid chromatography technique yield of biodiesel was the higher the longer time of ultrasounds treatment were used. What is more, the ultrasounds treatment of oil before transesterification process had no impact on viscosity, density and acid value of these samples, while flash point values and sulphur content were changed.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Optymalizacja procedury transeteryfikacji pochodnych 4,5-dialkoksy-2-nitroaniliny w celu syntezy pochodnych 2-alkoksy-3-(ω-hydroksyalkoksy)fenazyny
Optimization of the transesterification procedure of 4,5-dialkoxy-2-nitroaniline derivatives for the synthesis of 2-alkoxy-3-(ω-hydroxyalkoxy)phenazine derivatives
Autorzy:: Pikoń, Maria
Opis:: Przeprowadzono optymalizację procedury transeteryfikacji 4,5-dialkoksy-2-nitroaniliny, stosując jako substrat dekano-1,10-diol i badając wpływ warunków na wydajność reakcji. W dalszym etapie otrzymano pochodną 2,2’-dinitrofenyloaminy w reakcji sprzęgania Buchwalda-Hartwiga pochodnej 4,5-dialkoksy-2-nitroaniliny i 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzenu, a następnie przeprowadzono katalityczną redukcję grup nitrowych i tandemowo przeprowadzoną cyklizację przy użyciu chlorku żelaza(III) w sposób regioselektywny w celu uzyskania pochodnej fenazyny z trzema różnymi podstawnikami. W wyniku syntezy uzyskano dwie nowe pochodne fenazyny, które scharakteryzowano przy użyciu metod spektroskopowych, pomiaru temperatury topnienia oraz wyznaczono dla nich wydajności kwantowe fluorescencji.
Optimization of the procedure for transesterification of 4,5-dialkoxy-2-nitroaniline was carried out, using decane-1,10-diol as substrate and studying the effect of conditions on the yield of the reaction. In a further step, a 2,2'-dinitrophenylamine derivative was obtained by the Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction of a 4,5-dialkoxy-2-nitroaniline derivative and 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene, followed by catalytic reduction of nitro groups and tandem cyclization using iron(III) chloride in a regioselective manner to obtain a phenazine derivative with three different substituents. The synthesis yielded two new phenazine derivatives, which were characterized using spectroscopic methods, melting point measurements and fluorescence quantum yields were determined for them.
Dostawca treści:: Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Inne

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Energy Valorization of Olive Mill Waste Cake – Extraction of Vegetable Oil and Transesterification
Autorzy:: Mehdaoui, Imane
Majbar, Zineb
Hassani, El Mokhtar Saoudi
Mahmoud, Rachid
Atemni, Ibrahim
Ben Abbou, Mohamed
Taleb, Mustapha
Rais, Zakia
Tematy:: olive mill waste cake
extraction
valorisation
vegetable oil
transesterification
biodiesel; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201716.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The olive mill wastewater, effluents from the trituration of olives, are treated in most Mediterranean countries by natural evaporation. However, this method of treatment is a source of air and soil pollution by the generation of solid waste, called olive mill waste cake. This work focused on extracting of vegetable oil from this by-product for biodiesel production by transesterification. The extraction took place with a Soxhlet extractor, using hexane as solvent. The vegetable oil and biodiesel were characterized by measuring the physicochemical parameters that identify them according to AFNOR standards. The extraction results show that the oil yield is 21.28%. The oil obtained is characterized by density, water and ash content, acidity, saponification, peroxide and ester. The yield of the oil esterification reaction is 86.41% or about 185 Kg of biodiesel/ton of olive mill waste cake, and in terms of energy 2783.7 MJ or 2 GW.t-1. The biodiesel produced is comparable to petroleum diesel according to EN 14214, 2013.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 14.

Tytuł:: The effect of oils quality and transesterification method on the degree of conversion of the fatty acids methyl esters
Autorzy:: Ambrosewicz-Walacik, M.
Tańska, M.
Jankowski, K.
Tematy:: oil
fat
free fatty acids
acid value
method of transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243737.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The aim of the work was to determine the effect of oils quality and transesterification method on the degree of conversion of the fatty acids. Material consisted of 4 samples of oil: rapeseed oil obtained by the laboratory hot pressing of rape seeds oils in approx. 80 °C, waste rapeseed and palm oils and one refined rapeseed oil. Oils used in the one-stage transesterification were characterized by a lower hydrolysis and oxidation degree than the oils used in two-stage transesterification (double-base and base-acid method). The quality of the obtained crude methyl esters was determined in terms of acid number, peroxide value, the lipid composition by thin layer chromatography. Quantitative testing of the degree of transesterification and the share of individual esters of fatty acids was conducted by gas chromatography. Studies have shown that that degree of conversion of the fatty acid methyl esters is dependent on both the quality of the oil and the method of transesterification. If oils are characterized by a good quality, then a method of transesterification is less important. However, if oils are heavily contaminated, then the right technology for their transesterification should be chosen, e.g. oil with high content of FFA should be subjected to base-acid transesterification. Studies have shown. If oils are characterized by a good quality, then a method of transesterification is less important. However, if oils are heavily contaminated, then the right technology for their transesterification should be chosen, e.g. oil with high content of FFA should be subjected to base-acid transesterification.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

Artykuł

na półce

Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Biodegradable polyester blend and copolyesters studied by positron annihilation and other methods
Autorzy:: Dębowska, M.
Rudzińska-Girulska, J.
Serwadczak, M.
Kiersnowski, A.
Pigłowski, J.
Tematy:: mixing of polymers
polyesters
transesterification
positron annihilation
positronium
free volume; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146301.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Two polyesters, i.e. an aromatic one: poly(butylene terephthalate) – PBT and an aliphatic one: poly(ĺ- -caprolactone) – PCL were mixed in melt to obtain a biodegradable product. DSC, 1H NMR, SEM, WAXS, SAXS, BOD and PALS measurements were performed to study the homopolymers as well as their physical blend and copolyesters. The latter were obtained due to the transesterification reaction. Ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilation lifetimes were used to create the distributions of free volume. The progressive changes in probability density function of free volume, i.e. increase in large free volume holes contribution to the total free volume, appearing when going from the homopolymers to the blend and then to the copolyesters reflect the influence of: the addition of aliphatic polyester, the weight fraction of it in the composition and transesterification. The higher contribution of larger free volume holes corresponds well with the reduced crystallinity of compositions revealed in X-ray diffraction and the worsening of the regularity of structure of the macromolecules involved in formation of crystals, deduced from the 1H NMR.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 16.

Tytuł:: Carbon-based acid catalyst from waste seed shells: preparation and characterization
Autorzy:: Wang, L. H.
Liu, H.
Li, L.
Tematy:: carbon-based solid acid
waste seed shells
esterification
transesterification
biodiesel; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778575.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: A carbon-based solid acid catalyst was prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized seed shells of Jatropha curcas (J. curcas L.). The structure of amorphous carbon consisting of polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets attached a high density of acidic SO3H groups (2.0 mmol · g−1) was identified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of the solid acid catalyst was evaluated for biodiesel production in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. 95.7% yield of biodiesel was obtained after 2 h reaction and the conversions with reused catalyst varied in the range of 95.7% to 95.1%, showing better activity and stability than commercial catalyst amberlyst-46. It was also observed that the prepared catalyst showed enhanced activity in the transesterification of triolein with methanol when compared with other solid acid catalysts. A synergistic effect results from the high density of SO3H groups and the good access of reactants to the acidic sites can be used to explain the excellent catalytic activity, as well as the strong affinity between the hydrophilic reactants and the neutral OH groups bonded to the polycyclic aromatic carbon rings.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 17.

Tytuł:: Kinetics of Enantiomerically Enriched Synthesis of Solketal Esters Using Native and SBA-15 supported P. Fluorescens Lipase
Autorzy:: Zniszczoł, A.
Szymańska, K.
Kocurek, J.
Bryjak, J.
Walczak, K.
Jarzębski, A.
Tematy:: bioenantioselectivity
solketal
ping-pong kinetics
transesterification
kinetyka ping-ponga
transestryfikacja; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185676.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The studies showed that alkaline lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens enables an irreversible transesterification of vinyl esters to give enantiomeric excess (eeR) of about 80% using vinyl butyrate as acyl donor and diisopropyl ether as a solvent, at partially optimized conditions. For the native lipase the process was adequately described by a five-parameter Ping-Pong Bi Bi model for both enantiomers plus expression accounting for the formation of enzyme-acyl donor complex, but for the same lipase supported on mesoporous materials of SBA-15-Oc type, R-product inhibition also had to be taken into account. The use of hydrophobic support increased by more than two-fold the rate of the S-solketal conversion but even more that of R-solketal. Thus the immobilization of lipase had very positive effect on the process kinetics but decreased its enantioselectivity.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 18.

Tytuł:: Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana lipazami. Część 1, Związki prochiralne
Enantioselectve enzymatic desymmetrization catalyzed in the presence of lipase. Part 1, Prochiral compounds
Autorzy:: Kołodziejska, R.
Karczmarska-Wódzka, A.
Tafelska-Kaczmarek, A.
Studzińska, R.
Dramiński, M.
Tematy:: związki prochiralne
desymetryzacja
transestryfikacja
hydroliza
lipazy
prochiral compounds
desymmetrization
transesterification
hydrolysis
lipase; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/171684.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In the enzymatic asymmetric synthesis, the enzyme allows the desymmetrization of achiral compounds resulting in chiral compounds of high optical purity. Therefore, this type of biotransformation is known as enantioselective enzymatic desymmetrization (EED) [1–11]. This method is related to the generation of an asymmetry (loss of symmetry elements) in prochiral molecules (most often an sp3 or sp2 hybridized carbon atom), in meso synthones, and centrosymmetric compounds. An achiral center of the tetrahedral system is defined as a prochiral one if it becomes chiral as a result of one of the two substituents replacement which, when separated from the particles, are indistinguishable (Scheme 1, 2) [1–4, 9, 12]. Asymmetric synthesis is enantioselective when one of the enantiotopic groups or faces of an optically inactive compound is biotransformed faster than the other (Scheme 3–5) [1, 10, 11, 13–15]. Lipases are enzymes of highest importance in stereoselective organic synthesis, mainly due to their exceptionally broad substrate tolerance, stability, activity in unphysiological systems, and relatively low price [9, 14]. The mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis catalysed by hydrolases is similar to that observed in the chemical hydrolysis with the use of base. The selectivity of enzymatic catalysis depends on the substrate orientation in the enzyme active site (Scheme 6, 7) [25–29]. Lipases were successfully used for the desymmetrization of different prochiral diesters, alcohols and amines. Most lipases preferentially convert the same prochiral groups in the above mentioned types of reaction. This allows the preparation of the both enantiomers of the product in high chemical and optical yield (Scheme 9–13) [9, 13, 32–56].
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 19.

Tytuł:: Investigation of the chemical composition, characterization and determination of energy content for renewable energy source (biodiesel) produced from non-edible Ethiopian seeds’ particularly castor seed (Ricinus communis) using homogeneous catalysis
Autorzy:: Hiwot, T.
Tematy:: castor oil
non -edible oil
biodiesel
transesterification
homogeneous catalyst
FAME
GC-MS; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/412591.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine. It provides a feasible solution to the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats by trans-esterification. Although this fuel has gained worldwide recognition for many years, it is not being widely commercialized like petroleum diesel in the world, not widely produced and used especially in our country Ethiopia. Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester composition of the biodiesel produced from castor oil was done with the help of GC-MS and 8 fatty acid methyl esters were identified. Acid and base catalyzed methods were used in the synthesis of biodiesel from castor seed oil. In addition to this the variables that affect the amount of methyl ester yield were determined and an optimum of 96.7 % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion was obtained at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1.0 % mass NaOH, 65 °C reaction temperature and 3 hour reaction time. The energy content of the oil and biodiesel were 39 MJ/Kg and 40.7 MJ/ Kg respectively which is determined by bomb calorimeter. Other physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined and all these lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards except kinematic viscosity. Therefore, castor seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine by blending with petroleum diesel.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 20.

Tytuł:: Influence of permeabilization on the catalytic activity of yeast cells Yarrowia lipolytica KKP 379 in the synthesis of plasticizer - dioctyl adipate
Wpływ permeabilizacji na aktywność katalityczną komórek drożdży Yarrowia lipolytica KKP 379 w syntezie plastyfikatora - adypinianu dioktylu
Autorzy:: Małajowicz, J.
Wacławek, W.
Try, S.
Tematy:: plasticizer
polymer
dioctyl adipate
yeast biomass
Yarrowia lipolytica
transesterification
permeabilization
catalytic activity; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13925539.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 21.

Tytuł:: Physicochemical properties of fuel compositions obtained from diesel fuel and different kinds of fatty raw material
Autorzy:: Duda, K.
Piętak, A.
Tematy:: biodiesel quality examination
biodiesel mixture
animal fat biodiesel
vegetable oil biodiesel
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241877.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Increased interest in development of alternative fuels used to power combustion engines is caused by excessive use of fuels obtained from mineral sources. Depletion of resources, political aspects as well as the negative impact on the environment are commonly discussed issues in relation to fossil fuels. On the other hand, biodegradability, lower toxic components emissions and interchangeability with mineral fuels are commonly described benefits related to biodiesel, interpreted as fatty acid methyl esters obtained from fatty raw material. Also the multiplicity of raw materials that can be used for production promotes popularization of the biodiesel. However the variety of raw materials can have significant impact on the number of physicochemical properties of alternative fuels due to the differences in molecular structures forming given type of raw material. The article presents analysis of properties of different types of biodiesel and its mixtures with diesel according to the outlines presented in the quality standards for mineral and alternative fuels. Alternative fuels were produced in the laboratory setup from swine, poultry, rape and sunflower fatty raw material. Such parameters as: density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, acid value, oxidation stability, cold filter plugging point, sulphur content, water content and total contamination were examined, based on the results, the quality of the biofuels was evaluated. Study confirms that biofuels derived from plant origin fatty raw material present favorable results in the aspect water content, total contamination, acid value and cold flow properties, thus biofuels derived from animal origin raw fatty material presents lower density and sulphur content.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 22.

Tytuł:: Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana lipazami. Część II, Optymalizacja warunków reakcji. Związki mezo
Enantioselectve enzymatic desymmetrization catalyzed in the presence of lipase. Part II, Optymalization of reaction conditions. Meso compounds
Autorzy:: Karczmarska-Wódzka, A.
Kołodziejska, R.
Tafelska-Kaczmarek, A.
Przybyła, T.
Dramiński, M.
Tematy:: związki mezo
desymetryzacja
transestryfikacja
hydroliza
lipaza
meso compounds
desymmetrization
transesterification
hydrolysis
lipase; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/172192.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: In the enzymatic asymmetric synthesis, the enzyme allows the desymmetrization of achiral compounds resulting in chiral compounds of high optical purity. Meso compounds (bearing a plane of symmetry) are very important group of compounds used in EEDs (Scheme 1) [1–4]. Similarly to prochiral compounds, selective acylation or hydrolysis of meso substrates leads to optically active products. Most lipases preferentially convert the same enantiomers in the above mentioned types of reaction. This allows the preparation of the both enantiomers of the product in high chemical and optical yield (Scheme 3–20) [35–58]. An effective enzymatic catalysis should be performed under conditions optimal for a biocatalyst performance. Hence, it is essential to select an appropriate reaction medium, the pH, and temperature [6–34]. Optimization of the reaction conditions in terms of an appropriate solvent selection is effective and most frequently the simplest way to modify the enzyme selectivity. One of the most important criteria for the solvent selection is its nature [25]. The enzyme selectivity is conditioned by its conformational rigidity, which increases in more hydrophobic medium (typical hydrophobic solvents, scCO2). A hydrophobic solvent decreases biocatalyst lability, which does not allow the connection between the structurally mismatched substrate and the active side of an enzyme [10, 26–31]. Ionic liquids are a separate group of solvents which, despite their high hydrophobicity (logP << 0) and polarity, can constitute an ideal medium for the biotransformation reactions [18–23].
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 23.

Tytuł:: Biodiesel Production using Oil Extracted from Cooling Pond Wastewater with Esterification of Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst and Transesterification of $Na_2CO_3$ Catalyst
Autorzy:: Kolakaningrum, Chandra Fitri
Agustina, Tuty Emilia
Hadiah, Fitri
Tematy:: cooling pond wateswater
esterification
transesterification
sulfonated carbon
sodium carbonate
biodiesel
Na₂CO₃; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027900.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: While high production of palm oil improves the community economy, it has the potential to damage the environment because it produces the waste containing quite a lot of residual oil. The wastewater generated by this production process flows into the cooling pond before it is further processed in aerobic and anaerobic ponds. The residual oil contained in the cooling pond can be collected and used, e.g. as raw material for biodiesel production. This research aimed to produce biodiesel by utilizing the oil extracted from cooling pond wastewater through the esterification method with a sulfonated carbon catalyst and a transesterification method with the $Na_2CO_3$ catalyst. The sulfonated carbon catalyst was made from the palm kernel shells as a solid waste of the palm oil plant. In order to study the optimum amount of catalyst usage, the catalyst ratio was varied, i.e. 8–16% for the esterification process and 1–3% for the transesterification process. The reuse performance of sulfonated carbon catalysts was varied three times. On the basis of the research results, sulfonated carbon catalysts were proven to be effective as heterogeneous catalysts in the esterification process because they can reduce acid level to below 5 mg KOH/g oil. The sulfonated carbon catalyst ratio of 12% was the optimum ratio which can reduce the acid level to 4.62 mg KOH/g oil. The reuse of sulfonated carbon can reduce the acid level to 6.9 mg KOH/g oil at the first reuse. In the transesterification process, the optimum ratio of the $Na_2CO_3$ catalyst of 3% was found. The biodiesel produced has met the biodiesel characteristics of National Indonesian Standard (SNI of 7182:2015) with the saponification number of 197.18 mg KOH/g oil, free glycerol of 0.09%, FAME content of 96.79%, and density of 886 kg/$m^3$.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 24.

Tytuł:: Zagospodarowanie fazy glicerynowej z produkcji biopaliw
Fitting-out of phase with production biofuel glicerynowej
Autorzy:: Melcer, A.
Klugmann-Radziemska, E.
Ciunel, A.
Tematy:: biopaliwo
gliceryna
odnawialne źródła energii
transestryfikacja
biofuel
glycerine
renewable sources of energy
transesterification; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Politechnika Śląska
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357671.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Malejace zasoby paliw kopalnianych, a co za tym idzie drastyczny wzrost cen oraz globalne ocieplenie i zanieczyszczenie srodowiska powoduje due zainteresowanie odnawialnymi i niekonwencjonalnymi zródłami energii [1, 2]. Jednym z takich zródeł odnawialnej energii jest biopaliwo do silników wysokoprenych , tzw. biodiesel, otrzymywane w wyniku transestryfikacji triglicerydów z olejów roslinnych i zwierzecych metanolem. Przewidywany wzrost produkcji tzw. biodesla, zarówno w Polsce jak i na swiecie, niesie za soba koniecznosc zagospodarowania produktów ubocznych tego procesu, co moe w znaczacy sposób przyczynic sie do obnienia cen tego paliwa. Jednym ze znaczacych produktów ubocznych powstajacych w trakcie produkcji biopaliwa jest faza glicerynowa zawierajaca w swoim składzie glicerol(propano-1,2,3-triol) -50-60%, metanol, mono-, diacyloglicerole, wolne kwasy tłuszczowe oraz mydła [3]. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono moliwosci zagospodarowania fazy glicerynowej zarówno w postaci oczyszczonej jak i surowej.
Dwindling fossil fuel resources, thereby drastically increased prices and global warming and environmental pollution causes great interest in renewable energy sources and niekonwencjonalnymi [1, 2]. One such sources of renewable energy is biofuel diesel fuel. biodiesel, derived from the Transesterification of triglycerides of plant and animal oils with methanol. The expected increase in production. biodesla, both in Poland and worldwide, involves the need for management of by-products of the process, which can significantly contribute to lower prices of fuels. An important by-product arising during the production of biofuels is phase glicerynowa containing in its composition glycerol (propane-1,2,3- triol)-50-60% methanol, mono-, diglyceride, free fatty acids and soap [3]. This capacity planning phase glicerynowej in purified and crude.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 25.

Tytuł:: Ocena paliw ciekłych wytwarzanych laboratoryjnie z substratów olejowych
Assessment of liquid bio-fuels produced in laboratory from oil substrates
Autorzy:: Tomczak, E.
Kępa, O.
Tematy:: biopaliwa
biokomponent
transestryfikacja
katalizatory zasadowe
bio-fuel
bio-components
transesterification process
alkaline catalysts; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125900.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: W pracy przedstawiono laboratoryjny sposób produkcji bioestrów, które mogą być wykorzystywane do napędzania wysokoprężnych silników opartych na konstrukcji Rudolfa Diesla. Obecnie najpowszechniej stosowanym biopaliwem są estry metylowe kwasów tłuszczowych EMKT pochodzące z procesu transestryfikacji olejów spożywczych. W przeprowadzonych eksperymentach wykorzystano cztery substraty olejowe - olej rzepakowy, olej słonecznikowy, fryturę przemysłową oraz podczyszczoną fryturę stanowiącą odpad z przemysłu gastronomicznego. W ramach doświadczenia dokonano analizy wpływu rodzaju zastosowanego katalizatora oraz parametrów procesu, takich jak: temperatura środowiska reakcji oraz prędkość i czas mieszania reagentów na wydajność transestryfikacji oraz jakość produktów. Scharakteryzowano wytworzone paliwa, określając ich gęstość, lepkość oraz temperaturę zapłonu. W pracy omówiono także kryteria, jakie powinny zostać spełnione, aby wytworzone biopaliwa mogły zostać wykorzystane do napędzania silników samochodowych, a także przedstawiono podstawowe działania polityczne regulujące krajowy oraz europejski rynek biopaliw.
The necessity of changing conventional petroleum fuels to another kind, which will has lower impact on the environment, had been noticed at the end of XIX century, when the constructor of compression-ignition engine - Rudolf Diesel - demonstrated to the world first engine powered by peanut oil. From that moment, the bio-fuels market has been developed extremely and became to be one of the most popular topics on the international political area. Nowadays, bio-esters are the most popular of alternative fuels, which can be made from natural comestible substrates. This article presents the laboratory way of bio-esters production from four oil substrates - rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, frying fat and waste oil from gastronomic industry. The aim of this experiment was to make an estimation of how some process parameters, such as a kind of catalyst, temperature of the reaction, time and speed of mixing reagents - could influence an efficiency of transesterification process and products quality. Estimation was made of fuels quality based on density, viscosity and the temperature of the flesh-point. Results of the experience gave the opportunity to choose the most economical and ecological method of laboratory bio-diesel production. Moreover this article includes a criteria which needed to be fulfilled to use the bio-fuels in cars engine. It also shows political aspects which regularize European bio-fuels area.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 26.

Tytuł:: Investigation of chemical composition, characterization and determination of biodiesel content for the oil extracted from waste coffee residue of different varieties of coffee beans grown in yirgachefie, kocherea and yirgalem using homogeneous catalysis and comparing it with fossil fuels
Autorzy:: Hiwot, T.
Tematy:: waste coffee oil
yirgachefie
yirgalem
kocherea
transesterification
biodiesel
fatty acid methyl ester
FTIR
GC-MS; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/411602.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Due to rapid population growth and development in the world there is high energy demand, energy consumption, sharp decline in petro fuels reserves, and greater environmental problems, as a result of using petroleum diesel constrained mankind to investigate newer and renewable feed stocks for liquid transportation fuels from vegetable oils by transesterification reaction. In this study oil of waste coffee residue of yirgachefie, yirgalem and kocherea (chellelleqtu) weredas were selected as potential raw from indigenous species for biodiesel production. Oil was extracted using n-hexane as a solvent from waste coffee residue of yirga chefie, yirgalem and kocherea weredas. The oil contents for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kocherea were 16.67% w/w, 19.7 % w/w and 16.9% w/w respectively. Transesterification were carried out for all oils using methanol in the presence of acidic and basic catalysts to produce biodiesel. The fatty acid methyl esters in the biodiesel prepared from the oil extracted from three waste coffee residues were analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. Based on GC-MS analysis their chemical compositions were 37.7 wt. % methyl palmitate (C16:0), 41 wt. % methyl linoleate (C18:2), 13.5 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 8.5 wt. % methyl stearate (C18:0) for yirgachefie, 35.90 wt.% methyl palmitate (C16:0), 38.28 wt. % methyl linoleate (C18:2), 16.42 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 9.40 wt.% methyl stearate (C18:0) for kocherea and 26.62 wt. % methyl palmitate (C16:0), 35.18 wt.% methyl linoleate (C18:2), 19.72 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 18.48 wt.% methyl stearate (C18:0) for yirgalem. In addition to this the variables that affect the amount of methyl ester yield were determined and an optimum of 94.7 %, 95.84 and 94.56 fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion were obtained at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1.0 % mass NaOH, 65 °C reaction temperature and 3 hour reaction time for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kochera respectively. The energy content of the oil and biodiesel were 38, 36.2, 37 MJ/Kg and 38.68, 38, 41 MJ/ Kg for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kochera respectively which is determined by bomb calorimeter. Other physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined and all these lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards except acidic value. Therefore, coffee seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 27.

Tytuł:: Biorefineries - from biofuels to the chemicalization of agricultural products
Autorzy:: Kijeński, J.
Tematy:: biorafineria
rzepak
transestryfikacja
gliceryna
estry metylowe kwasów tłuszczowych
FAME
biorefinery
rape seed
transesterification
glycerin economy; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/777940.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: The recent research into the viable economy in sustainable energy from renewable sources has prompted a review into the potentials of Polish-oriented raw material sources as a catalyst for technological advance, product diversification and consumer satisfaction. The elongation of the process chain in vegetable (rape seed, potato), alcohol additives and glycerin processing has been found to drastically improve energy balances for the short processing methods adopted presently and can make Poland self sustainable in the future.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 28.

Tytuł:: Fault tolerant multicontrollers for nonlinear systems: A real validation on a chemical process
Autorzy:: Mejdi, Sondess
Messaoud, Anis
Ben Abdennour, Ridha
Tematy:: multicontroller
experimental validation
transesterification reactor
discrete unknown input multiobserver
fault tolerant control
sensor fault estimation
weryfikacja doświadczalna
sterowanie tolerujące uszkodzenia
błąd czujnika
estymacja błędu; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/331163.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: An active sensor fault tolerant controller for nonlinear systems represented by a decoupled multimodel is proposed. Active fault tolerant control requires accurate fault estimation. Thus, to estimate both state variables and sensor faults, a discrete unknown input multiobserver, based on an augmented state multimodel, is designed. The multiobserver gains are computed by solving linear matrix inequalities with equality constraints. A multicontrol strategy is proposed for the compensation of the sensor fault and recovering the desired performances. This strategy integrates a bank of controllers, corresponding to a set of partial models, to generate a set of control laws compensating the fault effect. Then, a switching strategy between the generated local control laws is established in order to apply the most suitable control law that tolerates the fault and maintains good closed loop performances. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is proven through a numerical example and also through a real time application on a chemical reactor. The obtained results confirm satisfactory closed loop performance in terms of trajectory tracking and fault tolerance.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 29.

Tytuł:: Application of chromatography to the analysis of quality of RME type biofuels obtained from pure, fresh rapeseed oil and from the waste (previously fried) oil of the same origin
Zastosowanie chromatografii do analizy jakosci biopaliw typu RME uzyskanych z oleju czystego oraz zuzytego
Autorzy:: Wcislo, G.
Strzelczyk, M.
Tematy:: biodiesel fuel
biofuel
fatty acid methyl ester
rapeseed methyl ester
gas chromatography
diesel engine
thermal condition
physical property
chemical property
rapeseed oil
transesterification process; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/793751.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 30.

Tytuł:: Layered double hydroxides as transesterificationcatalysts and nanofillers for polyester resin
Warstwowe podwójne wodorotlenki jako katalizatory trans estryfikacji i nanonapełniacze żywicy poliestrowej
Autorzy:: Kędzierski, M.
Bończa-Tomaszewski, Z.
Jaworska, G.
Niska, A.
Tematy:: layered double hydroxides
hydrotalcite
intercalation
aminolauric acid
EDTA
transesterification
catalyst
polyester resins
nanocomposites
warstwowe podwójne wodorotlenki
hydrotalkit
interkalacja
kwas aminolaurynowy
transestryfikacja
katalizator
żywice poliestrowe
nanokompozyty; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Chemii Przemysłowej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/947346.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Saturated polyester resins were prepared by reaction of dimethylterephthalate with alkylene glycols in the presence of layered doublehydroxides (hydrotalcites, HT). The effect of HT composition (cation and aniontypes) on the rate and progress of transesterification was investigated. It was found that zinc-aluminum HT intercalated with anionic form of aminolauric acid[HT(ZnAl)ALA] efficiently catalyzes transesterification process, increasing therate of reaction or lowering its temperature when compared to the reaction with use of conventional organic tin catalyst. The polyester resin obtained in this way is transparent, which along with X-ray diffraction data indicates the delamination of clay layers and formation of nanocomposite. The limitation of using ALA-intercalated HT as an additive for polyesters used in coatings is coloration of the resin with an increase of the reaction temperature above 180°C. Colorless polyester was obtained using more thermally stable hydrotalciteintercalated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, however, at the expense of significantly longer reaction time. Using HT(ZnAl)ALA catalyst a two-step synthesis of carboxyl polyester resin was performed and the obtained product was used as a component of powder coating formulation.
Przeprowadzono syntezę nasyconych żywic poliestrowych w reakcji tereftalanu dimetylowego z glikolami alkilenowymi, w obecności warstwowego podwójnego wodorotlenku typu hydrotalkitu (HT). Analizowano wpływ składu HT na szybkość i wydajność transestryfikacji. Najlepsze wyniki (zwiększenie szybkości reakcji lub obniżenie średniej temperatury procesu w porównaniu z szybkością i temperaturą reakcji prowadzonej w obecności tradycyjnego katalizatora organocynowego) uzyskano z zastosowaniem hydrotalkitu interkalowanego kwasem aminolaurynowym (ALA). Otrzymane w taki sposób żywice były transparentne, co w połączeniu z zanikiem refleksów hydrotalkitu w widmie XRD produktu transestryfikacji może świadczyć o utworzeniu się delaminowanego nanokompozytu. Wykorzystanie HT interkalowanego ALA w żywicach poliestrowych stosowanych do powłok jest ograniczone ze względu na zabarwienie pojawiające się w temperaturze powyżej 180 °C. W reakcji prowadzonej z udziałem bardziej stabilnego termicznie hydrotalkitu modyfikowanego kwasem etylenodiaminotetraoctowym otrzymano bezbarwny poliester, jednak kosztem znacznego wydłużenia czasu reakcji. Katalizator HT(ZnAl)ALA zastosowano w dwustopniowej syntezie poliestru o łańcuchu zakończonym grupami karboksylowymi, który następnie użyto w charakterze składnika proszkowej kompozycji powłokowej.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 31.

Tytuł:: Biodiesel w UE i Polsce - obecne uwarunkowania i perspektywy
Biodiesel in the EU and in Poland - present conditions and the prospects for future
Autorzy:: Roszkowski, A.
Tematy:: biodiesel
rzepak
olej palmowy
generacja substratów
transestryfikacja
BTL
HVO
fermentacja beztlenowa
właściwości paliw
osady ściekowe
oilseed rape
palm oil
substrate generations
transesterification
anaerobic digestion
fuel's characteristics
sewage sludges; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/239838.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: W pracy przedstawiono obecne i wzrastające znaczenie paliw do silników wysokoprężnych w bilansach paliw transportowych (płynnych) UE oraz opisano rolę i udział biodiesla wytwarzanego z biomasy. Omówiono wprowadzane obecnie zmiany w obowiązujących przepisach prawnych EU i USA, istotnie ograniczające produkcję biodiesla z użyciem dotychczasowych technologii. Opisano wyniki analiz wpływu zmian obszarowych (ILUC) i środowiskowych na uprawy roślinne, będące dotychczas podstawowymi surowcami do produkcji biodiesla metodami transestryfikacji. Omówiono i oceniono przydatność obecnych surowców do wytwarzania biodiesla z uwzględnieniem trzech generacji substratów. Wskazano na wpływ wprowadzanych przepisów na utrudnienia handlowe tak biodieslem, jak i surowcami oraz substratami do jego wytwarzania. Opisano ograniczenia w wykorzystaniu innych pożądanych substratów - tłuszczów zwierzęcych i mikroalg - oraz utrudnienia wynikające z odmiennych interpretacji przepisów o zastosowaniu osadów ściekowych jako biomasy. Przedstawiono ocenę stanu i perspektyw dotychczasowych i przyszłościowych technologii produkcji biodiesla, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rzepaku, jako surowca o dotychczas dominującym znaczeniu w UE.
Paper presented actual and increasing importance of the fuels for diesel engines in transport (liquid) fuel balance of the EU; the role and share of biodiesel fuel production from biomass were also described. Introduced actually changes in legal regulations being in force in the EU and USA, significantly limiting diesel production with the use of hitherto applied technologies, were characterized. The results of analyses were given, as concerning the effect of spatial (ILUC) and environmental changes on the crops being till now basic raw materials to generate diesel by transesterification methods. Usability of actual raw materials to diesel production considering three substrate generations, were discussed and evaluated. The effect of regulations being introduced on the commercial difficulties with biodiesel, as well as with the raw materials and substrates to its production, were indicated. Restrictions in utilization of other desirable substrates - the animal fats and micro-algae - as well as impediments resulted from different interpretation of regulations on the use of sewage sludge as biomass - were described. The status and prospects for hitherto existing and the future technologies of biodiesel production were presented, with particular attention put on the oilseed rape as a raw material of dominating, until now, importance in the EU.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Wplyw czasu na stopien przeestryfikowania triacylogliceroli w ciaglym procesie enzymatycznym
Autorzy:: Ledochowska, E
Tematy:: procesy enzymatyczne
wlasciwosci chemiczne
estryfikacja
tluszcze
wlasciwosci fizyczne
procesy technologiczne
triacyloglicerole
stopien przeestryfikowania
przemysl tluszczowy
enzymatic process
chemical property
esterification
fat
physical property
technological process
triacylglycerol
transesterification process
fat industry; Pokaż więcej
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Technologów Żywności
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/827940.pdf Link otwiera się w nowym oknie
Opis:: Badania prowadzono na przykładzie acydolizy niskoerukowego oleju rzepakowego kwasem stearynowym. Jako katalizator stosowano immobilizowany enzym Lipozyme IM. Czas procesu był zmienny i wynosił od 5 do 180 min. Z produktów acydolizy izolowano wolne kwasy tłuszczowe (WKT) i triacylo-glicerole (TAG), w których oznaczano skład kwasów tłuszczowych oraz skład tych kwasów w pozycjach zewnętrznych sn-1,3 i wewnętrznej sn-2 cząsteczek TAG. Stwierdzono, że kwas stearynowy wbudowywał się głównie w pozycje sn-1,3 TAG oleju rzepakowego (max. 22%). Wbudowywanie to trwało aż do momentu ustalenia się stanu równowagi dynamicznej (30 min.), uzyskując ujednolicenie składu kwasów tłuszczowych w pozycjach sn-1,3 TAG ze składem tych kwasów we frakcji WKT. Wydłużanie czasu reakcji nie powodowało już dalszego wzrostu ilości wbudowanego kwasu stearynowego w pozycje zewnętrzne TAG, natomiast powodowało niewielkie wbudowywanie się tego kwasu również w pozycje sn-2 TAG.
Investigations were carried out on enzymatic acidolysis of low erucic acid rapeseed oil with stearic acid. Immobilized Lipozyme IM was used as the biocatalyst. The reaction time, varied from 5 to 180 minutes. From the products of acidolysis, free fatty acids (FFA) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were isolated and their fatty acid composition as well as the compositions of these fatty acids in sn-1,3 and sn-2 positions of the triacylglycerol molecules were determined. It was affirmed that stearic acid was incorporated mainly in position sn-1,3 of the triacylglycerol molecules of rapeseed oil (max. 22%). The incorporation of stearic acid continued until the moment of attainment of dynamic equilibrium (30 min.), thus unification of composition of fatty acids in position sn-1,3 TAG in relation to the composition of these acids in the FFA fraction. Further extension of reaction time had no effect on the increase of the amount of incorporated stearic acid in position sn-1,3, but caused insignificant incorporation in position sn-2 TAGs as well.
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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